Co-occurrence of toxic bacterial and fungal secondary metabolites in moisture-damaged indoor environments

Täubel, Martin; Sulyok, Michael; Vishwanath, Vinay; Bloom, Erica; Turunen, Mari; Järvi, Kati; Kauhanen, Eeva; Krska, Rudolf; Hyvärinen, Anne; Larsson, Lennart; Nevalainen, Aino

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0668.2011.00721.x

Cited by 65 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Taubel et al tested the content of mycotoxins in building materials collected from moldy residential buildings and public utility buildings. Similar to our results, they also found sterigmatocystin and roquefortine C (sterigmatocystin was found in 14 and roquefortine C in 5 of the total 42 samples) [46]. Polizzi et al investigated the presence of mycotoxins in air and in scrapings collected from various types of surfaces infected with fungi in moldy residential buildings [30].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 67%

The capability of fungi isolated from moldy dwellings to produce toxins

Jeżak¹,

Kozajda²,

Sowiak³

et al. 2016

Int J Occup Med Environ Health

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Objectives:The main objective was analysis and assessment of toxinogenic capabilities of fungi isolated from moldy surfaces in residential rooms in an urban agglomeration situated far from flooded areas in moderate climate zone. Material and Methods: The assessment of environmental exposure to mycotoxins was carried out in samples collected from moldy surfaces in form of scrapings and airborne dust from 22 moldy dwellings in winter season. In each sample 2 mycotoxins were analyzed: sterigmatocystin and roquefortine C produced by Aspergillus versicolor and Penicillium chrysogenum, respectively. Mycotoxins were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in: scrapings from moldy surfaces, mixture of all species of fungi cultured from scrapings on microbiological medium (malt extract agar), pure cultures of Aspergillus versicolor and Penicillium chrysogenum cultured from scrapings on microbiological medium; mycotoxins in the indoor air dust were also analyzed. Results: The production of sterigmatocystin by individual strains of Aspergillus versicolor cultured on medium was confirmed for 8 of 13 isolated strains ranging 2.1-235.9 μg/g and production of roquefortine C by Penicillium chrysogenum for 4 of 10 strains ranging 12.9-27.6 μg/g. In 11 of 13 samples of the mixture of fungi cultured from scrapings, in which Aspergillus versicolor was found, sterigmatocystin production was at the level of 3.1-1683.2 μg/g, whereas in 3 of 10 samples in which Penicillium chrysogenum occurred, the production of roquefortine C was 0.9-618.9 μg/g. The analysis did not show in any of the tested air dust and scrapings samples the presence of analyzed mycotoxins in the amount exceeding the determination limit. Conclusions: The capability of synthesis of sterigmatocystin by Aspergillus versicolor and roquefortine C by Penicillium chrysogenum growing in mixtures of fungi from scrapings and pure cultures in laboratory conditions was confirmed. The absence of mycotoxins in scrapings and air dust samples indicates an insignificant inhalatory exposure to mycotoxins among inhabitants in moldy flats of urban agglomeration situated far from flooded territories. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2016;29(5): [823][824][825][826][827][828][829][830][831][832][833][834][835][836]

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 67%

The capability of fungi isolated from moldy dwellings to produce toxins

Jeżak¹,

Kozajda²,

Sowiak³

et al. 2016

Int J Occup Med Environ Health

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“…wood, paper and gypsum board, provides a suitable milieu for growth of fungi and bacteria (Murtoniemi et al, 2003;Nielsen et al, 2004). Related volatile and semi-volatile microbial products and hazardous microbial particles and constituents, such as mycotoxins or endotoxins, may be emitted from the materials (Mitchell et al, 2007;Täubel et al, 2011). In particular, multidrug resistant strains may be fatal e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The surface emissions trap: A new approach in indoor air purification

Markowicz

Larsson

2012

Journal of Microbiological Methods

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“…Macrocyclic trichothecenes have been found on the outside of the fungal mycelia and on the spores and are assumed to help protect the fungus from its environment (Frisvad et al 1998;Täubel et al 2011). However, spores of S. chartarum are produced in a slimy mass with high moisture content.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycotoxin Production by Stachybotrys chartarum on Water-Damaged Building Materials

2017

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The major question after a flooding event is whether to remove or remediate the building materials so that potentially harmful mold growth and their by-products cannot cause serious health problems for susceptible individuals. The purpose of this study was to determine the growth of Stachybotrys chartarum and corresponding production of macrocyclic trichothecenes on different components of a residential wall up to 65 days after a simulated flood event. Small-scale residential walls constructed of fiberglass batt insulation, oriented strandboard, gypsum wallboard, and lumber were destructively sampled at four time points. All four building materials contained notable levels of macrocyclic trichothecenes on all collection days. The highest concentrations of macrocyclic trichothecenes were on the paper siding of the gypsum wallboard, followed by the paper siding of the batt insulation and wood lumber. There was a significant increase in trichothecene concentration over time, particularly on the gypsum. The DNA concentrations of the mold were significantly higher on the batt insulation than on the wood products, and the mold concentrations also increased over time on the batt insulation and gypsum, but not on the wood products. It was concluded that if a flooding event should occur, the insulation and gypsum should be removed from the home and the remaining materials should be remediated.

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Co-occurrence of toxic bacterial and fungal secondary metabolites in moisture-damaged indoor environments

Cited by 65 publications

References 38 publications

The capability of fungi isolated from moldy dwellings to produce toxins

The capability of fungi isolated from moldy dwellings to produce toxins

The surface emissions trap: A new approach in indoor air purification

Mycotoxin Production by Stachybotrys chartarum on Water-Damaged Building Materials

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