Co-processing of raw and washed air pollution control residues from energy-from-waste facilities in the cement kiln

Abstract

Highlights Cement clinker was made with energy-from-waste air pollution control residue (APCR)  APCR co-processing may reduce CO 2 emissions by avoiding CaCO 3 decomposition  But APCR co-processing also affects clinker minerals and cement quality  Cl -, SO 4 2and alkalis affect kiln reactions and increase Zn and Pb in stack gas  Zn is in solid solution in 4CaO•Al 2 O 3 •Fe 2 O 3 or 3CaO•Al 2 O 3 and could be mobile Highlights (for review)

Challenges of a Healthy Built Environment: Air Pollution in Construction Industry

“…In Table 1, the distribution of articles on air pollution in the construction industry according to the publication journals is shown. Most of the reviewed research articles were published in the scientific journals Building and Environment (29), Atmospheric Environment (18), and Science of the Total Environment (16). Nine articles were published in the Journal of Cleaner Production, six in Energy and Buildings, and five in the Journal Environmental Pollution and Sustainable Cities and Society.…”

“…Thereby pollutants have different sources of origin within the construction sector or the built environment. Outdoor sources include, e.g., construction activities, which can lead to dust production [14,15], or the use of construction machinery at sites [16,17], production of building materials [18,19], or pollutant emergence at other different life cycle stages of buildings such as the end-of-life stage [20,21]. Pollutants from indoor sources such as the emissions from glues and paints used for interiors [22], the emissions during cooking [23], heating [24,25], or the emissions caused by ventilation systems [26], however, are also of great significance in terms of air pollution.…”

Thermodynamic modelling of cements clinkering process as a tool for optimising the proportioning of raw meals containing alternative materials

“…Furthermore, minor elements within alternative raw materials or fuels influence the clinkering process 11 . The nature and quantity of these constituents can lead to notable changes in various aspects, including the morphology and proportion of the clinker phases 12 , the formation of minor phases 13 , the optimal clinkerisation temperature 14 , kiln residence time 15 , melt phase viscosity 16 , transformations on cooling 17 , the polymorphism of the main phases 18 , and the clinker reactivity 19 . In this scenario, thermodynamic modelling is an alternative tool to consider all these variables and to expand the scope of usable alternative materials.…”

Toward a Sustainable Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Fly-Ash Utilization Network: Integrating Hybrid Life Cycle Assessment with Multiobjective Optimization

“…Currently, a significant proportion of IFA is disposed of in landfills and poses non-negligible potential drawbacks that include potential leaching risk, landfill space shortage, and massive consumption of chelating agents and cement. , On the other hand, the compositions of IFA are rich in CaO, SiO 2 , and Al 2 O 3 , showing potential utilization as secondary construction materials. − Consequently, various types of IFA utilization technology have been explored in the laboratory scale, pilot scale, and industrial application. IFA utilization technologies include high-temperature thermal processing methods such as plasma transforming IFA into an inert waste form, − cement kiln coprocessing to produce clinkers, − and nonthermal processing methods such as prewashing detoxification to partly substitute cementitious materials for manufacturing construction products. , Additionally, since transition metals such as Zn, Pb, and Cd accumulated in IFA, metal separation and recovery with chemical extraction or high-temperature volatilization methods are also one of the hot topics.…”