“…In addition to the previously mentioned topics, new keywords like optimization, degradation, and behavior have emerged. These are related to research on improving biogas purity through microwave pretreatment (Wang et al 2022 ; Luo et al 2023 ), enhancing sludge hydrolysis post-microwaving (Cheng et al 2023 ), and the destruction of cellulose in sludge (Kazawadi et al 2022 ). Fig.…”
This manuscript presents a scientometric review of recent advances in microwave pretreatment processes for sewage sludge, systematically identifying existing gaps and prospects. For this purpose, 1763 papers on the application of microwave technology to sludge pretreatment were retrieved from the Web of Science (WoS) using relevant keywords. These publications were then analyzed using diverse scientometric indices. The results show that research in this field encompasses applications based on the non-thermal effects of microwaves, enhanced effectiveness of anaerobic digestion (AD), and the energy balance of this pretreatment system. Overcoming existing technical challenges, such as the cleavage of extracellular polymers, reducing microwave energy consumption, understanding the non-thermal effects of microwaves, promoting AD of sludge in combination with other chemical and physical methods, and expanding the application of the technology, are the main scientific focuses. Additionally, this paper thoroughly examines both the constraints and potential of microwave pretreatment technology for wastewater treatment.
“…In addition to the previously mentioned topics, new keywords like optimization, degradation, and behavior have emerged. These are related to research on improving biogas purity through microwave pretreatment (Wang et al 2022 ; Luo et al 2023 ), enhancing sludge hydrolysis post-microwaving (Cheng et al 2023 ), and the destruction of cellulose in sludge (Kazawadi et al 2022 ). Fig.…”
This manuscript presents a scientometric review of recent advances in microwave pretreatment processes for sewage sludge, systematically identifying existing gaps and prospects. For this purpose, 1763 papers on the application of microwave technology to sludge pretreatment were retrieved from the Web of Science (WoS) using relevant keywords. These publications were then analyzed using diverse scientometric indices. The results show that research in this field encompasses applications based on the non-thermal effects of microwaves, enhanced effectiveness of anaerobic digestion (AD), and the energy balance of this pretreatment system. Overcoming existing technical challenges, such as the cleavage of extracellular polymers, reducing microwave energy consumption, understanding the non-thermal effects of microwaves, promoting AD of sludge in combination with other chemical and physical methods, and expanding the application of the technology, are the main scientific focuses. Additionally, this paper thoroughly examines both the constraints and potential of microwave pretreatment technology for wastewater treatment.
“…As the voltage increased, the dispersed phase of the solution flowed as droplets, resulting in spraying and formation of nanoparticles. The physical, chemical, and mechanical characteristics of the resulting polymer nanofibers depend on various factors, including the solution parameters, electrospinning voltage, speed, and distance between the needle and receptor surface (Wang et al, 2022b) . SEM confirmed the microstructure of the composite nanofibers.…”
Section: Pan/pvdf/sio 2 -Ccs Nanofibermentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The viscosity of the solution is another critical parameter in the electrospinning process. A decrease in viscosity leads to the production of thinner fibers (Wang et al, 2022b) . The incorporation of SiO 2 and CCS during the fabrication process enhanced the electrical charge and viscosity, thereby increasing the fiber diameter.…”
Section: Pan/pvdf/sio 2 -Ccs Nanofibermentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Hence, the production of low-cost activated carbon from biomass waste, such as coffee peels (Figueroa Campos et al, 2021) , corn cobs (Medhat et al, 2021) , rice straw (Khoshnood Motlagh et al, 2022) , wheat straw (Zhang et al, 2022a) , and coconut shells (Keppetipola et al, 2021) , has garnered significant attention. When coconut waste is not optimally utilized, its production leads to the creation of shell waste (Darmawan et al, 2022) and fibers (Wang et al, 2022b) , which can be utilized in various industries such as coconut oil (Suryani et al, 2020) , coconut fiber (Sirisangsawang and Phetyim, 2023) , and coconut desiccation (Marques et al, 2019) . The typical makeup of coconut shells, which are an agricultural industrial waste and a natural source of fiber, typically consists of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin (Anuchi et al, 2022;Fatmawati et al, 2023).…”
Utilizing carbon materials derived from natural biomass holds significant promise for battery applications, owing to their low cost, abundant availability, and environmentally sustainable characteristics. However, graphite anode materials do not meet the demands of efficient batteries. Coconut shell waste has the potential to be used as activated carbon in energy storage anodes. By adding silicon dioxide (SiO2) to maintain structural stability and electrochemical reaction kinetics, the advantages of CCS can be maximized. Polyacrylonitrile/polyvinylidene fluoride (PAN/PVDF) composite polymer was used as a matrix to embed CCS/SiO2 and synthesize nanofibers via electrospinning. The resulting nanofibers had diameters ranging from to 575–707 nm, with cross-linked, porous, and beadless characteristics. Mechanical properties were measured by single-fiber micro tensile tests. The young modulus, tensile strength, and toughness of each nanofiber were successfully maintained at 13.7 ± 0.4 MPa, 34.4 ± 0.1 MPa, and 982 ± 10 kJ/m3, respectively, because of the presence of a β-crystal growth layer that facilitated efficient stress transmission. The reduction-oxidation process response had a potential difference of less than 1.286 V in the first cycle, whereas for the third and fifth cycles, it was maintained below 3.416 V. The lithium-ion diffusion coefficient was below 4.73×1013 cm2/s. Using the anode directly, as in lithium-ion batteries, provided a high capacity of 382 mAh/g after 200 cycles. Good cycle stability, with over 98% retention of the initial capacitance after 200 charge/discharge cycles, underscores its potential for application in lithium-ion batteries.
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