Co‐pyrolysis of Lotus Pollen and Ammonium Nitrate to Produce Graphene‐Like Porous Carbon with Charge and Mass Transfer Highways for High‐Performance Supercapacitor

Abstract

Biomass-derived carbon-based supercapacitors offer a promising sustainable energy storage strategy for addressing global energy and environmental challenges. Herein, we report the synthesis of a graphene-like porous carbon by co-pyrolysis of lotus pollen and ammonium nitrate. During the co-pyrolysis process, ammonium nitrate could release a large amount of heat, etch the carbon skeleton, reduce the pyrolysis temperature, and create hierarchically porous carbon networks with rich N doping. The hierarchically N-doped porous structure has an ultra-large specific surface area (3106 m 2 g À 1 ) and an adapted interconnected porous structure, provides highways for charge and mass transfer, leading to a specific capacitance as high as 373.7 F g À 1 at 0.5 A g À 1 current density. The symmetric solid-state supercapacitor device exhibits a specific energy density of 53.5 Wh kg À 1 at a power density of 640 W kg À 1 .