Co-pyrolysis of waste tire/coal mixtures for smokeless fuel, maltenes and hydrogen-rich gas production

Bičáková, Olga; Straka, Pavel

doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2016.02.069

Cited by 60 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Char is a solid porous material with large surface-to-volume ratio and variable structure, reactivity, and composition (containing not only carbon but varying amounts of C, H, N, and O). In liquid hydrocarbons, tars are described as a mixture of maltenes (liquid phase that is soluble in n-heptane) and asphaltenes (solid particles, insoluble in n-heptane, dispersed in the liquid phase) [87][88][89][90][91][92][93][94][95][96][97][98]. Maltene degradation results in asphaltenes and asphaltene degradation yields char [89,92,97,[99][100][101][102][103][104].…”

Section: Process Nomenclaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Processes defining smouldering combustion: Integrated review and synthesis

Torero

Gerhard

Martins

et al. 2020

Progress in Energy and Combustion Science

116

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Smouldering combustion is an important and complex phenomenon that is central to a wide range of problems (hazards) and solutions (applications). A rich history of research in the context of fire safety has yet to be integrated with the more recent, rapidly growing body of work in engineered smouldering solutions. The variety of disciplines, materials involved, and perspectives on smouldering has resulted in a lack of unity in the expression of key concepts, terminology used, interpretation of results, and conclusions extracted. This review brings together theoretical, experimental, and modelling studies across both fire safety and applied smouldering research to produce a unified conceptual understanding of smouldering combustion. The review includes (i) a synthesis of nomenclature to generate a consistent set of terms for the underlying processes, (ii) an overview of smouldering emissions and emission treatment systems, (iii) a distillation of ignition and extinction research, including the role of heat losses and factors underpinning smouldering robustness, (iv) a review of the temporal and spatial distribution of heat and mass transfer processes as well as their solution using analytical and numerical methods, (v) a summary of smouldering chemical kinetics, and (vi) a summary of key gaps and opportunities for future research. Beyond merely review, a new conceptual model is provided that articulates similarities and critical differences between the two main smouldering systems: porous solid fuels and condensed fuels in inert porous media. A quantitative analysis of this conceptual model reveals that the evolution of a smouldering front, while a local process, is determined by a global energy balance that is cumulative in time and has to be integrated in space. As such, the fate of a smouldering reaction can be predicted before the effects of global heat exchange have affected the reaction. This approach is relevant to all forms of smouldering propagation (including fire safety), but it is particularly important when using smouldering as an engineered process that results in the positive use of the energy released by the smouldering reaction (applied smouldering). In applied smouldering, predicting the fate of a reaction ahead of time allows operators to modify the conditions of the process to maintain self-sustained smouldering propagation and thus fully harness the benefits of the reaction.

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Section: Process Nomenclaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Processes defining smouldering combustion: Integrated review and synthesis

Torero

Gerhard

Martins

et al. 2020

Progress in Energy and Combustion Science

116

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“…Other types of biomass, such as straw and almond shells [ 29 ], were used for smokeless fuel production, all with effects of carbon content and calorific value rises from 18–20 MJ/kg to 27–34 MJ/kg. Waste tires were used in the production of two types of bituminous coal using the slow pyrolysis process with a heating rate of 5 °C/min up to 900 °C [ 30 ]. The authors obtained degassed fuel (0.7–0.9%) characterized by a calorific value of approximately 33–34 MJ/kg, a total sulfur content of below 1.2 wt.%, and degassed (0.7–0.9%) [ 30 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Waste tires were used in the production of two types of bituminous coal using the slow pyrolysis process with a heating rate of 5 °C/min up to 900 °C [ 30 ]. The authors obtained degassed fuel (0.7–0.9%) characterized by a calorific value of approximately 33–34 MJ/kg, a total sulfur content of below 1.2 wt.%, and degassed (0.7–0.9%) [ 30 ]. Other types of wastes used by researchers for smokeless fuel production were wet, spent coffee grounds [ 31 ] waste risk husks [ 32 ], plastic waste materials [ 33 ], poplar chip [ 34 ], maize residues [ 35 ], tires [ 36 ], and even wet cake waste from the ethanol industry [ 37 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre-Treatment of Furniture Waste for Smokeless Charcoal Production

et al. 2020

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The aim of this study was to assess the possibility of using furniture waste for smokeless fuel production using the pyrolysis process. Four types of wood-based wastes were used in the pyrolysis process: pine sawdust (PS), chipboard (CB), medium-density fiberboard (MDF), and oriented strand board (OSB). Additionally, the slow and fast types of pyrolysis were compared, where the heating rates were 15 °C/min and 100 °C/min, respectively. Chemical analyses of the raw materials and the pyrolysis product yields are presented. A significant calorific value rise was observed for the solid pyrolysis products (from approximately 17.5 MJ/kg for raw materials up to approximately 29 MJ/kg for slow pyrolysis products and 31 MJ/kg for fast pyrolysis products). A higher carbon content of char was observed in raw materials (from approximately 48% for raw materials up to approximately 75% for slow pyrolysis products and approximately 82% for fast pyrolysis products) than after the pyrolysis process. This work presents the possibility of utilizing waste furniture material that is mostly composed of wood, but is not commonly used as a substrate for conversion into low-emission fuel. The results prove that the proposed solution produced char characterized by the appropriate properties to be classified as smokeless coal.

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“…%)solid particles dispersed in maltene that are soluble in toluene but insoluble in n-heptane [6,15,16,[33][34][35][36][37][38] are largely responsible for the black colour of crude oils. Moreover, asphaltene is generally associated with a residue that precipitates and clogs pipelines [39].…”

Section: Fuelmentioning

confidence: 99%