Co-Solvent Free Electrochemical Synthesis of Biodiesel Using Graphite Electrode and Waste Concrete Heterogeneous Catalyst: Optimization of Biodiesel Yield

Abstract

This study optimized a co-solvent free electrochemical method for biodiesel synthesis using graphite electrode and waste concrete heterogeneous catalyst. Various parameters were evaluated, including: applied voltage (9.6, 14.4, 19.2 V), catalyst particle size uniformity (unfiltered and filtered with 150 mesh), and reaction time (15, 30, 120, 240 min). The results obtained 100% FAME content and 78.51% of biodiesel yield that were achieved at 14.4 V within 30 min using filtered catalyst and cooking oil feedstock. However, a slight decline was observed with the use of waste cooking oil. This optimized method offers a reliable and simple condition for mass biodiesel production. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).

A Review on Carbon‐based Electrodes for Electrochemical Sensor of Quinolone Antibiotics

“…Activated carbon, graphite, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), glassy carbon electrode (GCE), pencil graphite electrode (PGE), and diamond are among those types of carbon‐based electrodes. Carbon‐based electrodes are usually used in electroanalysis for synthesis as well as sensor application [23–26] …”

“…Carbon-based electrodes are usually used in electroanalysis for synthesis as well as sensor application. [23][24][25][26] Herein, we review the use of carbon-based electrodes for quinolone antibiotics detection. Even though there are several reviews on antibiotic detection, such as analysis of antibiotic focusing in milk sample [27,28] and also various reports on the analysis using electrochemical method, [29][30][31] to the best of our knowledge, this is the very first review on the detection of antibiotics focusing on the use of carbon-based electrodes only.…”

Preparation of Poly (AAc/AAm)/NaOH Hydrogel as a Catalyst for Electrolysis Production of Biodiesel from Waste Cooking Oil

“…It also requires less operational energy, doesn't require a co-solvent, and has a high potential for enhancing performance through the addition of heterogeneous catalysts. [24]. Electrolysis is a type of nonspontaneous redox reaction that happens when an external voltage is applied.…”