CO₂ activation of olive bagasse for hydrogen storage

Abstract

Hydrogen is considered as the most promising future fuel, as its combustion generates only water vapor besides energy. However, finding efficient, safe and low‐cost storage methods is the basic impediment for the adoption of hydrogen as fuel. For this purpose, an ultramicroporous activated carbon was successfully synthesized from low‐cost biomass residues; olive bagasse. The carbon material was prepared throw physical activation, using carbon dioxide as activating agent, under controlled thermal conditions. Then, it was tested as hydrogen storage material at cryogenic and room temperature conditions. The textural characterizations showed a highly tailored porous texture adequate for gas adsorption. The totality of the created microporosity is of narrow range (d < 0.7 nm). Interestingly, the measured median pore width was about 0.65 nm, likely the optimum pore size for hydrogen adsorption. This feature accorded the AC with exceptional H2 storage capacity, achieving 3.34 wt % at liquid nitrogen temperature. It has outperformed Zeolites and MOFs. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 36: 315–324, 2017

Hydrogen sulfide removal from the waste gas of phosphoric acid plant

“…It is a microporous material with BET surface equal to 1,020 m 2 /g and developed acid groups on the surface equal to after heat treatment at 900 C, the acid groups of CAC disappeared and new basic groups were formed on the surface of CACT equal to 1.8 meq/g. These results are consistent with those of previous studies [25][26][27]35 where the prepared ACs were applied for the storage of hydrogen or for the removal of pollutants, such as nitric oxide in gas, metals in solution, and so forth.…”

“…This material has been used in many studies as an adsorbent of pollutants like metals and organic compounds. [25][26][27][28] Here, the prepared AC was used for the first time in industrial applications as a catalyst for the proposed process.…”

Biomass derived chars for energy applications

“…Cellulose-KOH-298K-20bars 3771 -0.5 [177] Olive pomace-KOH-298K-204bars 1269 0.48 1.22 [178] Jute fibers-KOH-303K-40bars 1224 0.43 1.2 [179] Tamarind seeds-KOH-303-60bars 1784 0.64 1.36 [180] Coffee shell-KOH-298K-140bars 3149 -0.91 [181] Olive bagasse-CO2-298K-200bars 1185 0.45 0.63 [182] Fruit bunch-CO2-77K-1bar 687 0.297 1.97 [183] Beer lees-KOH-77K-1bar 1927 0.70 2.92 [184] Rice husks-KOH-77K-1bar 2682 0.792 2.85 [178] Cellulose-KOH-77K-1bar 3771 -3.9 [185] Starch-CO2-77K-1bar 3281 1.1 2.3 [171] Fungi-KOH-77K-1bar 2137 0.87 2.4 [186] Corncob-KOH-77K-1bar 3708 1.14 3.2 [187] Chitosan-KOH-77K-1bar 2919 1.19 2.71 [188] Hemp Stem-KOH-77K-1bar 3078 1.13 3.18 [189] Corncob-KOH-77K-40bars 3708 0.59 5.80 [190] Cellulose-KOH-77K-20bars 3771 -8.1 [177] Olive pomace-KOH-77K-25bars Olive pomace-KOH-77K-209bars 1269 0.48 3 6.11 [191] Activated Carbon-KOH-77K-20bars 3190 1.09 7.08 [190] 42…”

“…Olive bagasse-CO2-77K-25bars 1185 0.45 2.59 [182] Starch-CO2-77K-20bars 3281 1.1 6.9 [171] Fungi-KOH-77K-20bars 2137 0.87 5.0 [186] Corncob-KOH-77K-20bars 3708 1.14 5.5 [187] Chitosan-KOH-77K-40bars Chitosan-KOH-77K-20bars 2840 2919…”

Application of Experimental Design to Hydrogen Storage: Optimisation of Lignin-Derived Carbons

“…In the case of chemical activation, the impregnation of the chemical agent has significant environmental impacts in addition to those of the energy demand [20]. Physical activation with CO 2 has previously been utilised to develop high surface area carbons (1000 to 3400 m 2 g −1 ) with gravimetric hydrogen capacities of up to 2.3 wt.% at 77 K and 1 bar [21][22][23].…”