CO₂-Catalysed aldol condensation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and acetone to a jet fuel precursor

Abstract

CO2 can act as a catalyst for the production of bio-jet fuel precursors through aldol condensation.

5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in Organic Synthesis: A Review of its Recent Applications Towards Fine Chemicals

“…[24] Another selective mono-condensation, promoted by CO 2 under elevated pressure with a high yield, was reported by Jessop. [25] A similar yield of the mono-adduct 7 could be obtained under heterogeneous catalysis conditions using amine-grafted Faujasite (FAU) zeolite nanosheets (Table 2). [26] Zirconium carbonate was also used to promote the same condensation under mild conditions.…”

“…Acetone (3 eq. ), Hf-Beta zeolite, toluene, 90 °C 7 (73% conv) [24] 5 Acetone (solvent), H 2 O, 2.5 MPa CO 2 , 200 °C, 20h 7 (95%) [25] 6 Acetone (solvent), amine-grafted FAU nanosheets, 130 °C 7 (92% conv) [26] 7…”

Upgrading of Biomass-Derived Feedstocks to Liquid Transportation Fuel Precursors by Aldol Condensation

“…The best results were obtained working with 0.5 g of MgZr, at 323 K. The highest C 15 yield was reached with 5-HMF excess (2:1) (16.1%), whereas the whole yield is maximized at equimolar conditions (37%). CO 2 -Catalysed aldol condensation of 5-hydroxy-methylfurfural and acetone to a jet fuel precursor was reported by Roland Lee et al [26], CO 2 -Catalysed aldol condensation of HMF with acetone gives a >95% yield, with the mono-aldol condensate as the only detected product. Cu/MgAl 2 O 4 as bifunctional catalyst for aldol condensation of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural and acetone [27], magnesium aluminate exhibits superior activity compared to zinc and cobalt-based aluminates, reaching full conversion and up to 81% yield of the 1:1 aldol product.…”

Enhanced conversion of glucose to fructose over naturalattapulgite catalyst promoted by CeO2 in water

“…Typically, these sugar platform compounds, especially glucose, is very attractive in the clean production of polyols, i.e, sorbitol, a promising feedstocks used for the production renewable biogasoline mainly consisted of C 5 ‐C 6 alkanes by using catalytic processing techniques in the aqueous phase [1–3] . Moreover, glucose can be converted into other valuable chemicals including levulinic acid and 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (5‐HMF), [4–10] the important precursor of bio‐fuels [11–13] . However, it is worth mentioning that the formation of 5‐HMF from the dehydration of glucose is considered as the key process.…”