CO<sub>2</sub> Emission to the Atmosphere from Carbonate Waters: The Study Case of the Lublin Upland and Roztocze Regions

The chlorine radicals (Cl• and Cl2•−) have profound impacts on the photochemical processes in the atmospheric aqueous phase (e.g., marine clouds). However, current literature lacks information on the Cl•/Cl2•−‐induced transformation of organics under sunlit irradiation. In this work, the reaction mechanism of chlorine radicals with benzene (a representative VOC) in the atmospheric aqueous phase was investigated by using 355 nm laser flash photolysis, 365 nm UV light steady state, and real sunlight experiment. The results showed that Cl•/Cl2•−‐initiated reactions were crucial steps for the consumption and transformation of C6H6, where the conversion rate of benzene decreases with the increase of pH and initial species concentration. Cl• attacked benzene ring to produce the Cl‐CHD (6‐chlorocyclohexadienyl radical) with a second‐order rate constant of (1.2 ± 0.3) × 1010 M−1·s−1, while the rate constant for Cl2•− was much lower ((4.5 ± 0.3) × 106 M−1·s−1). The addition of Cl• and Cl2•− to benzene generated chlorobenzene and dichlorobenzene and ring‐opening substances during the further oxidation reaction, which had been also demonstrated in the real sunlit experiments. This work provides fundamental kinetic and mechanistic insights into benzene’s photochemical transformation by Cl•/Cl2•−, facilitating the understanding of VOC transformation in atmospheric waters.

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Innovative Method of Biomass Combustion in the Binary Fluidised Bed

Leski,

Berkowicz-Płatek,

Żukowski

et al. 2024

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S

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In this study, a binary fluidised bed made out of quartz sand and cenospheres for the biomass combustion process was created. Materials were fluidised with air to achieve a vertical density profile (from 0.5 g/cm³ to 1.1 g/cm³) resulting from grains segregation. The density profile was selected to ensure optimal control over the location of the combusted fuel particle. This involved positioning the process as close to the bottom sieve as possible. Fluidised bed combustion was carried out at temperatures of 600 °C, 700 °C, 820 °C and 870 °C using straw, willow and sawmill pellets as fuels. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of flue gases was performed using an FTIR spectrometer. Over 90 % carbon conversion from the biomass to carbon dioxide was achieved at 700 °C. At 820 °C and 870 °C, 100 % of biomass carbon left the reactor as CO2. The composition of organic compounds in the process products remained low, reaching a maximum of 3.0 % wt. at 600 °C. To gain further insights into the processes occurring in the immediate vicinity of biomass samples, a complementary TGA/FTIR analysis was conducted. This aimed to clarify the impact of the biomass particle decomposition stage in the fluidised bed combustion process. The proposed mechanism for biomass combustion in the binary fluidised bed contains the particle decomposition stage and the subsequent stage resulting from the coalescence of bubbles containing flammable components and bubbles containing oxidiser.

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CO₂ Emission to the Atmosphere from Carbonate Waters: The Study Case of the Lublin Upland and Roztocze Regions

Cited by 3 publications

References 29 publications

Transport and transformation of dissolved inorganic carbon in a subtropical groundwater‑fed reservoir, south China

Transport and transformation of dissolved inorganic carbon in a subtropical groundwater‑fed reservoir, south China

Photochemical Reactions of Benzene with Chlorine Radicals in Atmospheric Aqueous Phase

Innovative Method of Biomass Combustion in the Binary Fluidised Bed

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CO2 Emission to the Atmosphere from Carbonate Waters: The Study Case of the Lublin Upland and Roztocze Regions

Cited by 3 publications

References 29 publications

Transport and transformation of dissolved inorganic carbon in a subtropical groundwater‑fed reservoir, south China

Transport and transformation of dissolved inorganic carbon in a subtropical groundwater‑fed reservoir, south China

Photochemical Reactions of Benzene with Chlorine Radicals in Atmospheric Aqueous Phase

Innovative Method of Biomass Combustion in the Binary Fluidised Bed

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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CO₂ Emission to the Atmosphere from Carbonate Waters: The Study Case of the Lublin Upland and Roztocze Regions