CO₂ injection seismic monitoring without creating a migrated image

Seismic monitoring of a small CO2 injection using a multi-well DAS array: Operations and initial results of Stage 3 of the CO2CRC Otway project

“…Dual-motor permanent eccentric sources were tested at the CaMI project (Andersen, 2019;Spackman, 2019). A semi-permanent weight drop source was used to attempt detection of the CO 2 plume edge in the Bell Creek CO 2 EOR project (Burnison et al, 2017); this was followed by deployment of another single-motor eccentric surface orbital vibrator 4 (SOV) (Barajas-Olalde et al, 2020). None of these examples provided a spatial image of the CO 2 plume or estimated the detectability limits.…”