CO<sub>2</sub> partial pressure controls the calcification rate of a coral community

Leclercq, Nicolas; Gattuso, Jean‐Pierre; Jaubert, Jean

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2486.2000.00315.x

Cited by 190 publications

(144 citation statements)

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“…Besides the amount of photons, also other factors may play a role in determining coral growth rate. Factors known to be limiting for the growth of stony corals include water flow (Lesser et al, 1994, Schutter et al, 2011, aragonite saturation state (Gattuso et al, 1998;Leclercq et al, 2000;Schneider & Erez, 2006) and its associated components (Marubini et al, 2008), the availability of essential trace metals such as copper and zinc (Ferrier-Pagès (Jokiel & Coles, 1990;Marshall & Clode, 2004), competition (Rinkevich & Loya, 1985;Tanner, 1995) and sedimentation (Rogers, 1990 , based on data Schutter et al (2008)), suggests that one or more factors were limiting or inhibiting in the current study. However, despite our efforts (see Table 4), the factor(s) limiting or inhibiting coral growth in this study could not be conclusively determined.…”

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confidence: 60%

Light intensity, photoperiod duration, daily light flux and coral growth ofGalaxea fascicularisin an aquarium setting: a matter of photons?

et al. 2011

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Light is one of the most important abiotic factors influencing the (skeletal) growth of scleractinian corals. Light stimulates coral growth by the process of light-enhanced calcification, which is mediated by zooxanthellar photosynthesis. However, the quantity of light that is available for daily coral growth is not only determined by light intensity (i.e. irradiance), but also by photoperiod (i.e. the light duration time). Understanding and optimizing conditions for coral growth is essential for sustainable coral aquaculture. Therefore, in this study, the question was explored whether more light (i.e. more photons), presented either as irradiance or as light duration, would result in more growth. A series of nine genetically identical coral colonies of Galaxea fascicularis L. were cultured for a period of 18 weeks at different light duration times (8 :0 hours dark) resulted in immediate bleaching and the corals died after 14 weeks. Hourly photosynthetic rates were significantly reduced in the 16 hour light treatment compared to the 8 hour light treatment. As a result, daily net photosynthetic rates were not significantly different, which may explain the observed specific growth rates. Acclimation to photoperiod duration appeared neither to be mediated by changes in chlorophyll-a concentration nor zooxanthellae density. Based on the results of this study, we can conclude that the enhancing effect of light on coral growth is not only a matter of photons. Obviously, the availability of light was not limiting growth in these experiments and was probably in excess (i.e. stressful amounts). Other factors are discussed that play a role in determining growth rates and might explain our results.

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confidence: 60%

Light intensity, photoperiod duration, daily light flux and coral growth ofGalaxea fascicularisin an aquarium setting: a matter of photons?

et al. 2011

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“…Coral calcification probably depends on coral conditions such as size, mode, health and species. In addition, Gattuso et al (1998) Leclercq et al (2000) also pointed out that the coral samples used by Gattuso et al (1998) showed less response to changes in CO 2 system and provided a plateau in calcification rate when W reached over 3.90.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effect of CaCO3 (aragonite) saturation state of seawater on calcification of Porites coral

Ohde

Hossain

2004

Geochem. J.

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Using living corals collected from Okinawan coral reefs, laboratory experiments were performed to investigate the relationship between coral calcification and aragonite saturation state (W) of seawater at 25∞C. Calcification rate of a massive coral Porites lutea cultured in a beaker showed a linear increase with increasing W aragonite values (1.08-7.77) of seawater. The increasing trend of calcification rate (c) for W is expressed as an equation, c = aW + b (a, b: constants). When W was larger than ~4, the coral samples calcified during nighttime, indicating an evidence of dark calcification. This study strongly suggests that calcification of Porites lutea depends on W of ambient seawater. A decrease in saturation state of seawater due to increased pCO 2 may decrease reef-building capacity of corals through reducing calcification rate of corals.Keywords: coral, calcification, aragonite, saturation state, cultured experiment As a result of coral calcification (Eq. (2)), the W aragonite of seawater is altered through releasing CO 2 in surrounding environments. The elevated CO 2 in marine environments lowers pH through decreasing CO 3 2-concentration and leads to a decrease in W of seawater.The relationship between coral-reef calcification and W of seawater has been reported through field observations. Broecker and Takahashi (1966) observed that precipitation rate of CaCO 3 on the Bahama Bank was proportional to the degree of supersaturation, as a secondorder reaction. Smith and Pesret (1974) pointed out that coral calcification in the lagoon of Fanning Island was affected by the carbonate mineral saturation state. On a coral reef flat of Okinawa, Ohde and van Woesik (1999) also observed that calcification rate increased with the increase in W aragonite of seawater during daytime. From a global viewpoint associated with atmospheric CO 2 budget, Kleypas et al. (1999) strongly pointed out that coral calcification responds to W of seawater.On the other hand, the relationship between coral calcification and W aragonite of seawater was also studied through laboratory experiments under controlled conditions. Gattuso et al. (1998) observed a nonlinear increase in calcification rate of Stylophora pistillata with increasing W of seawater with a plateau in the rate when saturation state was larger than 3.90. Marubini and Atkinson (1999) also observed that calcification rate of Porites compressa decreased with decreasing W aragonite of seawater. However, only a few studies have provided clear relationship between coral calcification and seawater W.In order to elucidate the relationship between coral

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“…Consequently, the role and function of calcareous ecosystems and communities may be altered as a result of future changing environmental conditions Kleypas et al, 1999Kleypas et al, , 2001Riebesell et al, 2000;Langdon et al, 2000;Mackenzie et al, 2000;Leclercq et al, 2000Leclercq et al, , 2002.…”

Section: The Inorganic Carbon Cycle In the Global Oceanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Past and present of sediment and carbon biogeochemical cycling models

2004

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Abstract. The global carbon cycle is part of the much more extensive sedimentary cycle that involves large masses of carbon in the Earth's inner and outer spheres. Studies of the carbon cycle generally followed a progression in knowledge of the natural biological, then chemical, and finally geological processes involved, culminating in a more or less integrated picture of the biogeochemical carbon cycle by the 1920s. However, knowledge of the ocean's carbon cycle behavior has only within the last few decades progressed to a stage where meaningful discussion of carbon processes on an annual to millennial time scale can take place. In geologically older and pre-industrial time, the ocean was generally a net source of CO 2 emissions to the atmosphere owing to the mineralization of land-derived organic matter in addition to that produced in situ and to the process of CaCO 3 precipitation. Due to rising atmospheric CO 2 concentrations because of fossil fuel combustion and land use changes, the direction of the air-sea CO 2 flux has reversed, leading to the ocean as a whole being a net sink of anthropogenic CO 2 . The present thickness of the surface ocean layer, where part of the anthropogenic CO 2 emissions are stored, is estimated as of the order of a few hundred meters. The oceanic coastal zone net air-sea CO 2 exchange flux has also probably changed during industrial time. Model projections indicate that in preindustrial times, the coastal zone may have been net heterotrophic, releasing CO 2 to the atmosphere from the imbalance between gross photosynthesis and total respiration. This, coupled with extensive CaCO 3 precipitation in coastal zone environments, led to a net flux of CO 2 out of the system. During industrial time the coastal zone ocean has tended to reverse its trophic status toward a non-steady state situation of net autotrophy, resulting in net uptake of anthropogenic CO 2 and storage of carbon in the coastal ocean, despite the significant calcification that still occurs in this region. FurCorrespondence to: A. Lerman (alerman@northwestern.edu) thermore, evidence from the inorganic carbon cycle indicates that deposition and net storage of CaCO 3 in sediments exceed inflow of inorganic carbon from land and produce CO 2 emissions to the atmosphere. In the shallow-water coastal zone, increase in atmospheric CO 2 during the last 300 years of industrial time may have reduced the rate of calcification, and continuation of this trend is an issue of serious environmental concern in the global carbon balance.

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CO₂ partial pressure controls the calcification rate of a coral community

Cited by 190 publications

References 25 publications

Light intensity, photoperiod duration, daily light flux and coral growth ofGalaxea fascicularisin an aquarium setting: a matter of photons?

Light intensity, photoperiod duration, daily light flux and coral growth ofGalaxea fascicularisin an aquarium setting: a matter of photons?

Effect of CaCO3 (aragonite) saturation state of seawater on calcification of Porites coral

Past and present of sediment and carbon biogeochemical cycling models

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CO2 partial pressure controls the calcification rate of a coral community

Cited by 190 publications

References 25 publications

Light intensity, photoperiod duration, daily light flux and coral growth ofGalaxea fascicularisin an aquarium setting: a matter of photons?

Light intensity, photoperiod duration, daily light flux and coral growth ofGalaxea fascicularisin an aquarium setting: a matter of photons?

Effect of CaCO3 (aragonite) saturation state of seawater on calcification of Porites coral

Past and present of sediment and carbon biogeochemical cycling models

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CO₂ partial pressure controls the calcification rate of a coral community