Co-Translational Protein Folding and Sorting in Chloroplasts

Ries, Fabian; Herkt, Claudia; Willmund, Felix

doi:10.3390/plants9020214

Cited by 24 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 133 publications

(194 reference statements)

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“…Expectedly, we enriched those molecular chaperones and sorting factors in our ribosomal pulldown that act early on emerging nascent polypeptides, such as plastidic trigger factor, TIG1 ( 33 , 34 , 75 ). However, we found a surprisingly diverse set of additional molecular chaperones that were not yet known to act co-translationally.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The versatile interactome of chloroplast ribosomes revealed by affinity purification mass spectrometry

Westrich

Gotsmann

Herkt

et al. 2020

Nucleic Acids Research

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In plant cells, chloroplast gene expression is predominantly controlled through post-transcriptional regulation. Such fine-tuning is vital for precisely orchestrating protein complex assembly as for the photosynthesis machinery and for quickly responding to environmental changes. While regulation of chloroplast protein synthesis is of central importance, little is known about the degree and nature of the regulatory network, mainly due to challenges associated with the specific isolation of transient ribosome interactors. Here, we established a ribosome affinity purification method, which enabled us to broadly uncover putative ribosome-associated proteins in chloroplasts. Endogenously tagging of a protein of the large or small subunit revealed not only interactors of the holo complex, but also preferential interactors of the two subunits. This includes known canonical regulatory proteins as well as several new proteins belonging to the categories of protein and RNA regulation, photosystem biogenesis, redox control and metabolism. The sensitivity of the here applied screen was validated for various transiently interacting proteins. We further provided evidence for the existence of a ribosome-associated Nα-acetyltransferase in chloroplasts and its ability to acetylate substrate proteins at their N-terminus. The broad set of ribosome interactors underscores the potential to regulate chloroplast gene expression on the level of protein synthesis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The versatile interactome of chloroplast ribosomes revealed by affinity purification mass spectrometry

Westrich

Gotsmann

Herkt

et al. 2020

Nucleic Acids Research

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“…A case in point is trigger factor 1 (TIG1), which initiates protein homeostasis in plastids and is required for normal dark‐to‐light adaptation and energy homeostasis (process 6 in Figure 1) (Rohr et al ., 2019). TIG1 is a co‐translationally acting molecular chaperone of a whole cascade of plastid chaperones dedicated to de novo folding and proteostasis under changing environments (Ries et al ., 2020).…”

Section: Ra1 Gene Expression: Acclimation Of Chloroplast Translationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(5) The moonlighting protein DLA2 connects fatty acid metabolism to the translation of selected mRNAs during acclimation (Bohne et al ., 2013; Bohne and Nickelsen, 2017). (6) Post‐translational processes mediated by chaperones like TIG1 adapt protein production to changing environmental conditions (Rohr et al ., 2019; Ries et al ., 2020).…”

Section: Ra1 Gene Expression: Acclimation Of Chloroplast Translationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acclimation in plants – the Green Hub consortium

et al. 2021

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Summary Acclimation is the capacity to adapt to environmental changes within the lifetime of an individual. This ability allows plants to cope with the continuous variation in ambient conditions to which they are exposed as sessile organisms. Because environmental changes and extremes are becoming even more pronounced due to the current period of climate change, enhancing the efficacy of plant acclimation is a promising strategy for mitigating the consequences of global warming on crop yields. At the cellular level, the chloroplast plays a central role in many acclimation responses, acting both as a sensor of environmental change and as a target of cellular acclimation responses. In this Perspective article, we outline the activities of the Green Hub consortium funded by the German Science Foundation. The main aim of this research collaboration is to understand and strategically modify the cellular networks that mediate plant acclimation to adverse environments, employing Arabidopsis, tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) and Chlamydomonas as model organisms. These efforts will contribute to ‘smart breeding’ methods designed to create crop plants with improved acclimation properties. To this end, the model oilseed crop Camelina sativa is being used to test modulators of acclimation for their potential to enhance crop yield under adverse environmental conditions. Here we highlight the current state of research on the role of gene expression, metabolism and signalling in acclimation, with a focus on chloroplast‐related processes. In addition, further approaches to uncovering acclimation mechanisms derived from systems and computational biology, as well as adaptive laboratory evolution with photosynthetic microbes, are highlighted.

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“…In addition to photosynthesis, this semiautonomous organelle also plays an important role in the biosynthesis of amino acids, lipids, carotenoids, and other important biomolecules [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ]. Studies indicate that the plastid genome has retained a complete set of protein-synthesizing machinery and encodes approximately 100 proteins [ 16 ]. All other proteins required by the chloroplast, however, are encoded by the nuclear genome.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene Loss and Evolution of the Plastome

Mohanta

Mishra

Khan

et al. 2020

Genes

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Chloroplasts are unique organelles within the plant cells and are responsible for sustaining life forms on the earth due to their ability to conduct photosynthesis. Multiple functional genes within the chloroplast are responsible for a variety of metabolic processes that occur in the chloroplast. Considering its fundamental role in sustaining life on the earth, it is important to identify the level of diversity present in the chloroplast genome, what genes and genomic content have been lost, what genes have been transferred to the nuclear genome, duplication events, and the overall origin and evolution of the chloroplast genome. Our analysis of 2511 chloroplast genomes indicated that the genome size and number of coding DNA sequences (CDS) in the chloroplasts genome of algae are higher relative to other lineages. Approximately 10.31% of the examined species have lost the inverted repeats (IR) in the chloroplast genome that span across all the lineages. Genome-wide analyses revealed the loss of the Rbcl gene in parasitic and heterotrophic plants occurred approximately 56 Ma ago. PsaM, Psb30, ChlB, ChlL, ChlN, and Rpl21 were found to be characteristic signature genes of the chloroplast genome of algae, bryophytes, pteridophytes, and gymnosperms; however, none of these genes were found in the angiosperm or magnoliid lineage which appeared to have lost them approximately 203–156 Ma ago. A variety of chloroplast-encoded genes were lost across different species lineages throughout the evolutionary process. The Rpl20 gene, however, was found to be the most stable and intact gene in the chloroplast genome and was not lost in any of the analyzed species, suggesting that it is a signature gene of the plastome. Our evolutionary analysis indicated that chloroplast genomes evolved from multiple common ancestors ~1293 Ma ago and have undergone vivid recombination events across different taxonomic lineages.

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Co-Translational Protein Folding and Sorting in Chloroplasts

Cited by 24 publications

References 133 publications

The versatile interactome of chloroplast ribosomes revealed by affinity purification mass spectrometry

The versatile interactome of chloroplast ribosomes revealed by affinity purification mass spectrometry

Acclimation in plants – the Green Hub consortium

Gene Loss and Evolution of the Plastome

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