Co-Witness Auditory Memory Conformity following Discussion: A Misinformation Paradigm

Abstract

Twenty-four Japanese undergraduate pairs (12 male and 12 female pairs) participated as witnesses to a simulated criminal event. Although the witness pairs watched the same video together, through wireless headphones they experienced two different auditory versions with four differing items without being aware of the discrepancies. After the presentation, the witnesses were led to discuss six items, including two critical ones they had heard differently and another four they had heard in common. Witness memory performance was assessed individually with multiple-choice questionnaires in three sessions: before the discussion, after the discussion, and 1 week later. The results showed that participants tended to conform to their co-witness more often on the discussed items than on the not-discussed items. Source monitoring analyses on the four critical items revealed that even those participants who conformed were mostly cognizant of the source of their information just after the discussion, but they were prone to source-monitoring errors a week later.

The Confident Co‐witness: The Effects of Misinformation on Memory After Collaborative Discussion

“…Skagerberg and Wright () demonstrated that when pairs of individuals viewed and discussed different versions of the same event, they combined their memory reports and each individual recalled misleading details based upon the recollection of others. Similarly, Mori and Kishikawa () reported that CWs combined reports and recalled more misleading information about key event details after a discussion. Such results suggest actual changes or alterations in memory, rather than compliance to the social situation.…”

False reports of an accomplice in a crime scene: conformity effects on memory confidence and accuracy

“…Research focusing on memory conformity has been reported for about two decades now, and has used different types of materials, such as pictorial (Wright et al, 2000;Goodwin, Kukucka, & Hawks, 2013;Meade & Roediger, 2002), and auditory stimuli (Mori & Kishikawa, 2014;Oeberst & Siedemann, 2014). Several memory conformity studies involved the presentation of short movies, and the interaction of a naïve participant with a confederate (i.e., typically an actress or actor).…”