CO2 activation of olive stones carbonized under different experimental conditions

Contributions of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin to the mass and the porous properties of chars and steam activated carbons from various lignocellulosic precursors

“…The main studied precursors are wood (Amaya et al, 2007;Benaddi et al, 1998;Byrne and Nagle, 1997), almond shells (Marcilla et al, 2000;Rodriguez-Reinoso et al, 1982, 1984, olive stones (Caballero et al, 1997;Gonzalez et al, 1997;Zabaniotou et al, 2008), coconut shells (Cagnon et al, 2003;Daud and Ali, 2004;Mortley et al, 1988), peach (Molina-Sabio et al, 1995;Rodriguez-Reinoso et al, 1985), apricot stones (Gergova et al, 1993), and apple pulp (Fernandez et al, 2001;Suarez-Garcia et al, 2002). It has been already extensively demonstrated that the microporous properties of activated carbons depend not only on the experimental conditions of the carbonization and activation steps but also preponderantly on the original nature and structure of the involved precursor.…”

Preparation and characterization of activated carbon from date stones by physical activation with steam

“…Activated carbons can be prepared from many organic materials having a high carbon content like wood [4,5], coal [6], lignite [7] and coconut shells [8][9][10]. In the recent years, many other agricultural by-products have been used as sources for activated carbons production such as cherry stones [11,12], olive stones [13][14][15][16][17][18], oil palm stones [19][20][21], apricot stones [22,23], almond shells [24], sugar cane bagasse [25,26], walnut shells [13], pecan shells [27][28][29], cotton stalks [30] and date stones [31][32][33][34][35]. World production of dates was approximately 6.7 million tonnes in 2004.…”

Pengaruh Konsentrasi Asam Fosfat Dalam Proses Pembuatan Karbon Aktif Secara Kimia Dari Bahan Baku Kulit Salak

“…Selain itu syarat penting lain yang perlu dipenuhi adalah kandungan zat volatile rendah, unsur karbon harus tinggi dan kekuatan stress yang memadai (Janskowa, et al 1991). Untuk memperoleh karbon aktif dengan biaya yang rendah, maka para peneliti terdahulu banyak mengarahkan penelitian sebagai sumber bahan baku terhadap limbah pertanian seperti tempurung buah walnat, biji zaitun (Rodriguez-Reinoso & MolinoSabio 1992, Gonzalez et al 1997), tempurung kacang Macadamia (Nguyen& Do 1995), tempurung kelapa sawit (Hussein, et al 1996 dan tempurung kelapa (Laine & Yunes 1992). Kulit salak mengandung lignosellulosa sehingga ada kemungkinan dapat dijadikan sebagai salah satu bahan baku pembuatan karbon aktif.…”