Carbon dioxide separation from CH 4 is important to the environment and natural gas processing. Poly (ionic liquid)s (PILs) based on polyurethane structures are considered as potential materials for CO 2 capture. Thus, a series of anionic PILs based on polyurethane were synthesized. The effects of polyol chemical structure and counter-cations (imidazolium, phosphonium, ammonium, and pyridinium) in CO 2 sorption capacity and CO 2 /CH 4 separation performance were evaluated. The synthesized PILs were characterized by NMR, DSC, TGA, dinamical mechanical thermo analysis (DMTA), SEM, and AFM. CO 2 sorption, reusability, and CO 2 /CH 4 selectivity were assessed by the pressure-decay technique. The counter-cation and polyol chemical structure play an important role in CO 2 sorption and CO 2 /CH 4 selectivity. PILs exhibited competitive thermal mechanical properties. Results showed that PILPC-TBP was the best poly (ionic liquid) for CO 2 /CH 4 separation. Moreover, poly (liquid ionic) base polyol (polycarbonate) with phosphonium (PILPC-TBP) demonstrated higher CO 2 sorption capacity (21.4 mgCO 2 /g at 303.15 K and 0.08 MPa) as compared to other reported poly (ionic liquids).