CO2 Capture, Use, and Storage in the Cement Industry: State of the Art and Expectations

Plaza, M.G.; Martínez, Sergio; Rubiera, F.

doi:10.3390/en13215692

Cited by 143 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Theoretically, a CO 2 -concentrated gas mixture (66/34% CO 2 /O 2 ) is obtained at the electrode outlet according to Equation (5) and subsequently evolved through a stoichiometric oxycombustion reactor with a slipstream of natural gas from the gas grid in order to further increase the CO 2 concentration and eventually obtain 100% CO 2 content after water knockout via condensation from the flue gas. In fact, oxy-fuel combustion is a typical thermal CO 2 -capture technology used in industrial environments, which does not imply substantial changes in the plant scheme (Plaza et al, 2020).…”

Section: Case Study: Oil Refinery In Italymentioning

confidence: 99%

A System Integration Analysis of a Molten Carbonate Electrolysis Cell as an Off-Gas Recovery System in a Steam-Reforming Process of an Oil Refinery

et al. 2021

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Technologies capable of efficiently exploiting unavoidable CO2 streams, have to be deeply investigated and deployed during the transition phase to achieve long-term climate neutrality targets. Among the technologies, Molten Carbonate Cells (MCC) Operating in Electrolysis Mode (MCEC) represents a promising facility to valorize CO2-rich waste streams, which are typically available in industrial plants, by their conversion into a high-value H2/CO syngas. These gaseous products can be reintegrated in a plant or reused in different applications. This study analyzes the integration of a system of the MCEC unit under different operating conditions in terms of composition, current density, and the utilization of fuels in a steam-reforming process of an Italian oil refinery via a mixed experimental-simulative approach. The aim of the current study is to assess the improvement in the overall product yield and further impacts of the MCEC unit on the plant efficiency. The results have shown that it is possible to obtain an electrochemical Specific Energy Consumption for the production of H2 of 3.24 kWh/NmH23 using the MCEC, whereby the possible integration of a 1-MWe module with a reformer of the proposed plant not only increases the hydrogen yield but also decreases the amount of fuel needed to assist the reforming reaction and separates a CO2 stream after additional purification via an oxy-fuel combustor, consequently determining lower greenhouse gases emissions.

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Section: Case Study: Oil Refinery In Italymentioning

confidence: 99%

A System Integration Analysis of a Molten Carbonate Electrolysis Cell as an Off-Gas Recovery System in a Steam-Reforming Process of an Oil Refinery

et al. 2021

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“…Therefore, alternative methods of utilizing steelmaking slag are sought [60]. One of the proposed approaches is the use of this waste for the production of calcium carbonate by carbonation route (according to Equations (11) and (12)) due to the high content of calcium oxide. The resulting CaCO 3 could replace the limestone used for purification in the steel industry.…”

Section: Steelmaking Slagmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the case of both technologies, three main CO 2 capture systems depending on the type of combustion process can be distinguished, post-combustion, pre-combustion, and oxyfuel combustion [6,8,9]. The choice of capture technology depends on the type of plant, i.e., the composition of the exhaust gas [11,12]. Post-combustion technology is the simplest to implement and is mainly based on chemical absorption [9,13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of Gaseous Carbon Dioxide and Industrial Ca-Rich Waste for Calcium Carbonate Precipitation: A Review

Czaplicka

Konopacka-Łyskawa

2020

Energies

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Technologies for the management of various types of waste and the production of useful products from them are currently widely studied. Both carbon dioxide and calcium-rich waste from various production processes are problematic wastes that can be used to produce calcium carbonate. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to provide an overview about the state of the development of processes that use these two wastes to obtain a valuable CaCO3 powder. The paper reviews the current research on the use of post-distillation liquid from the Solvay process, steelmaking slag, concrete, cement, and gypsum waste as well as some others industrial Ca-rich waste streams in the calcium carbonate precipitation process via carbonation route. This work is an attempt to collect the available information on the possibility of influencing the characteristics of the obtained calcium carbonate. It also indicates the possible limitations and implementation problems of the proposed technologies.

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“…Under review are the processes involved in clinker, cement and concrete production, construction procedures and cement-based material carbonation during and after service life [ 5 ]. As the mitigation technologies presently in place are believed to be insufficient to hit the net zero carbon target by 2050, innovative measures are called for, including carbon dioxide capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) [ 6 ] and flameless mineral calcination systems. One new proposal for the latter, the tube-in-tube helical method, features use in concentrated solar power plants [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced Carbonation, Sulfate and Chloride Ingress Due to the Substitution of Cement by 10% Non-Precalcined Bentonite

Andrade

Martínez-Serrano

Sanjuán³

et al. 2021

Materials

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The Portland cement industry is presently deemed to account for around 7.4% of the carbon dioxide emitted annually worldwide. Clinker production is being reduced worldwide in response to the need to drastically lower greenhouse gas emissions. The trend began in the nineteen seventies with the advent of mineral additions to replace clinker. Blast furnace slag and fly ash, industrial by-products that were being stockpiled in waste heaps at the time, have not commonly been included in cements. Supply of these additions is no longer guaranteed, however, due to restrained activity in the source industries for the same reasons as in clinker production. The search is consequently on for other additions that may lower pollutant gas emissions without altering cement performance. In this study, bentonite, a very common clay, was used as such an addition directly, with no need for precalcination, a still novel approach that has been scantly explored to date for reinforced structural concrete with structural applications. The results of the mechanical strength and chemical resistance (to sulfates, carbonation and chlorides) tests conducted are promising. The carbonation findings proved to be of particular interest, for that is the area where cement with mineral additions tends to be least effective. In the bentonite-bearing material analysed here, however, carbonation resistance was found to be as low as or lower than that observed in plain Portland cement.

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CO2 Capture, Use, and Storage in the Cement Industry: State of the Art and Expectations

Cited by 143 publications

References 31 publications

A System Integration Analysis of a Molten Carbonate Electrolysis Cell as an Off-Gas Recovery System in a Steam-Reforming Process of an Oil Refinery

A System Integration Analysis of a Molten Carbonate Electrolysis Cell as an Off-Gas Recovery System in a Steam-Reforming Process of an Oil Refinery

Utilization of Gaseous Carbon Dioxide and Industrial Ca-Rich Waste for Calcium Carbonate Precipitation: A Review

Reduced Carbonation, Sulfate and Chloride Ingress Due to the Substitution of Cement by 10% Non-Precalcined Bentonite

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