CO2 Condensation in Baroclinic Eddies on Early Mars

Sabato, J. S.

doi:10.1175/2007jas2504.1

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The condensation-induced pressure gradients that we have been examining are associated with density gradients that have been conventionally considered as minor and thus ignored in the continuity equation (e.g., Sabato, 2008). For example, a typical p=50 hPa pressure difference observed along the horizontally isothermal surface between the outer environment and the hurricane center (e.g., Holland, 1980) is associated with a density difference of only around 5 %.…”

Section: A M Makarieva Et Al: Condensation-induced Atmospheric Dynmentioning

confidence: 99%

Where do winds come from? A new theory on how water vapor condensation influences atmospheric pressure and dynamics

et al. 2013

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Abstract. Phase transitions of atmospheric water play a ubiquitous role in the Earth's climate system, but their direct impact on atmospheric dynamics has escaped wide attention. Here we examine and advance a theory as to how condensation influences atmospheric pressure through the mass removal of water from the gas phase with a simultaneous account of the latent heat release. Building from fundamental physical principles we show that condensation is associated with a decline in air pressure in the lower atmosphere. This decline occurs up to a certain height, which ranges from 3 to 4 km for surface temperatures from 10 to 30 • C. We then estimate the horizontal pressure differences associated with water vapor condensation and find that these are comparable in magnitude with the pressure differences driving observed circulation patterns. The water vapor delivered to the atmosphere via evaporation represents a store of potential energy available to accelerate air and thus drive winds. Our estimates suggest that the global mean power at which this potential energy is released by condensation is around one per cent of the global solar power -this is similar to the known stationary dissipative power of general atmospheric circulation. We conclude that condensation and evaporation merit attention as major, if previously overlooked, factors in driving atmospheric dynamics.

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Section: A M Makarieva Et Al: Condensation-induced Atmospheric Dynmentioning

confidence: 99%

Where do winds come from? A new theory on how water vapor condensation influences atmospheric pressure and dynamics

et al. 2013

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“…Sabato (2008) employs the moist convective adjustment scheme to realize GCM calculations of a thick CO 2 atmosphere of early Mars for the purpose of investigating possible behaviors of baroclinic waves there. In their GCM, condensates are immediately removed, and clouds are assumed to exist in the updraft regions above the condensation level.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Numerical Study of Convection in a Condensing CO2 Atmosphere under Early Mars-Like Conditions

Yamashita

Odaka

Sugiyama

et al. 2016

Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences

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Cloud convection of a CO 2 atmosphere where the major constituent condenses is numerically investigated under a setup idealizing a possible warm atmosphere of early Mars, utilizing a two-dimensional cloudresolving model forced by a fixed cooling profile as a substitute for a radiative process. The authors compare two cases with different critical saturation ratios as condensation criteria and also examine sensitivity to number mixing ratio of condensed particles given externally.When supersaturation is not necessary for condensation, the entire horizontal domain above the condensation level is continuously covered by clouds irrespective of number mixing ratio of condensed particles. Horizontal-mean cloud mass density decreases exponentially with height. The circulations below and above the condensation level are dominated by dry cellular convection and buoyancy waves, respectively. When 1.35 is adopted as the critical saturation ratio, clouds appear exclusively as intense, short-lived, quasiperiodic events. Clouds start just above the condensation level and develop upward, but intense updrafts exist only around the cloud top; they do not extend to the bottom of the condensation layer. The cloud layer is rapidly warmed by latent heat during the cloud events, and then the layer is slowly cooled by the specified thermal forcing, and supersaturation gradually develops leading to the next cloud event. The periodic appearance of cloud events does not occur when number mixing ratio of condensed particles is large.

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“…More pertinent to our work has been the study of ‘diabatic Rossby waves’ which are generated purely due to potential voricity (PV) anomalies resulting from latent heat release (Craig and Cho, ; Snyder and Lindzen, ; Parker and Thorpe, ). Interestingly, applications to other planetary atmospheres, such as Mars with CO 2 condensation and Titan with CH 4 condensation, have also been successfully pursued (Sabato, ; Mitchell et al , ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quasi‐geostrophic dynamics in the presence of moisture gradients

Monteiro

Sukhatme

2015

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

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The derivation of a quasi-geostrophic (QG) system from the rotating shallow water equations on a midlatitude β-plane coupled with moisture is presented. Condensation is prescribed to occur whenever the moisture at a point exceeds a prescribed saturation value. It is seen that a slow condensation time scale is required to obtain a consistent set of equations at leading order. Further, since the advecting wind fields are geostrophic, changes in moisture (and hence, precipitation) occur only via non-divergent mechanisms. Following observations, a saturation profile with gradients in the zonal and meridional directions is prescribed. A purely meridional gradient has the effect of slowing down the dry Rossby waves, through a reduction in the "equivalent gradient" of the background potential vorticity. A large scale unstable moist mode results on the inclusion of a zonal gradient by itself, or in conjunction with a meridional moisture gradient. For gradients that are are representative of the atmosphere, the most unstable moist mode propagates zonally in the direction of increasing moisture, matures over an intraseasonal timescale and has small phase speed.

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CO2 Condensation in Baroclinic Eddies on Early Mars

Cited by 5 publications

References 48 publications

Where do winds come from? A new theory on how water vapor condensation influences atmospheric pressure and dynamics

Where do winds come from? A new theory on how water vapor condensation influences atmospheric pressure and dynamics

A Numerical Study of Convection in a Condensing CO2 Atmosphere under Early Mars-Like Conditions

Quasi‐geostrophic dynamics in the presence of moisture gradients

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