CO2 Emission Rate from a Primary Peat Swamp Forest Ecosystem in Thailand.

Ishida, Tomoyasu; Suzuki, Satoru; Nagano, T.; Osawa, Kazutoshi; Yoshino, Katsumi; Fukumura, Kazunari; Nuyim, Tanit

doi:10.2525/ecb1963.39.305

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…There were 10 observations of CO 2 ecosystem respiration from four studies using the Eddy covariance measurements in tropical peatlands (Hirano et al., 2007; Ishida et al., 2001; Kiew et al., 2018; Suzuki et al., 1999). The data ranged from −19.5 Mg CO 2 ha −1 year −1 for measurement from a forest in Thailand (Suzuki et al., 1999) to 143 Mg CO 2 ha −1 year −1 for a secondary forest in Kalimantan, Indonesia (Hirano et al., 2007).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drainage increases CO₂ and N₂O emissions from tropical peat soils

Prananto

Minasny

Comeau

et al. 2020

Global Change Biology

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Tropical peatlands are vital ecosystems that play an important role in global carbon storage and cycles. Current estimates of greenhouse gases from these peatlands are uncertain as emissions vary with environmental conditions. This study provides the first comprehensive analysis of managed and natural tropical peatland GHG fluxes: heterotrophic (i.e. soil respiration without roots), total CO2 respiration rates, CH4 and N2O fluxes. The study documents studies that measure GHG fluxes from the soil (n = 372) from various land uses, groundwater levels and environmental conditions. We found that total soil respiration was larger in managed peat ecosystems (median = 52.3 Mg CO2 ha−1 year−1) than in natural forest (median = 35.9 Mg CO2 ha−1 year−1). Groundwater level had a stronger effect on soil CO2 emission than land use. Every 100 mm drop of groundwater level caused an increase of 5.1 and 3.7 Mg CO2 ha−1 year−1 for plantation and cropping land use, respectively. Where groundwater is deep (≥0.5 m), heterotrophic respiration constituted 84% of the total emissions. N2O emissions were significantly larger at deeper groundwater levels, where every drop in 100 mm of groundwater level resulted in an exponential emission increase (exp(0.7) kg N ha−1 year−1). Deeper groundwater levels induced high N2O emissions, which constitute about 15% of total GHG emissions. CH4 emissions were large where groundwater is shallow; however, they were substantially smaller than other GHG emissions. When compared to temperate and boreal peatland soils, tropical peatlands had, on average, double the CO2 emissions. Surprisingly, the CO2 emission rates in tropical peatlands were in the same magnitude as tropical mineral soils. This comprehensive analysis provides a great understanding of the GHG dynamics within tropical peat soils that can be used as a guide for policymakers to create suitable programmes to manage the sustainability of peatlands effectively.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drainage increases CO₂ and N₂O emissions from tropical peat soils

Prananto

Minasny

Comeau

et al. 2020

Global Change Biology

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“… c Sources: 1, Brady [1997]; 2, Rahajoe et al [2000]; 3, S ulistiyanto [2004]; 4, Chimner and Ewel [2005]; 5, Shimamura and Momose [2005]; 6, Harrison et al [2007]; 7, Chimner and Ewel [2004]; 8, Ishida et al [2001]; 9, Hertel et al [2009]; 10, Hairiah et al [2000]; 11, database of Gill and Jackson [2000]; 12, Hairiah et al [1999]; 13, Matthews et al [2000]; 14, Lamade and Bouillet [2005]; 15, Henson and Dolmat [2003]; 16, Rieley and Page [2008]; 17, Tsai [1988]; 18, Bernhard‐Reversat et al [1993]; 19, Ihwanudin [1994]; 20, Pudjiharta [1995]; 21, Mindawati [2000]; 22, Laclau et al [2008]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stocks and fluxes of carbon associated with land use change in Southeast Asian tropical peatlands: A review

Hergoualc’h

Verchot

2011

Global Biogeochem. Cycles

155

115

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[1] The increasing and alarming trend of degradation and deforestation of tropical peat swamp forests may contribute greatly to climate change. Estimates of carbon (C) losses associated with land use change in tropical peatlands are needed. To assess these losses we examined C stocks and peat C fluxes in virgin peat swamp forests and tropical peatlands affected by six common types of land use. Phytomass C loss from the conversion of virgin peat swamp forest to logged forest, fire-damaged forest, mixed croplands and shrublands, rice field, oil palm plantation, and Acacia plantation were calculated using the stock difference method and estimated at 116.9 ± 39.8, 151.6 ± 36.0, 204.1 ± 28.6, 214.9 ± 28.4, 188.1 ± 29.8, and 191.7 ± 28.5 Mg C ha −1 , respectively. Total C loss from uncontrolled fires ranged from 289.5 ± 68.1 Mg C ha −1 in rice fields to 436.2 ± 77.0 Mg C ha −1 in virgin peat swamp forest. We assessed the effects of land use change on C stocks in the peat by looking at how the change in vegetation cover altered the main C inputs (litterfall and root mortality) and outputs (heterotrophic respiration, CH 4 flux, fires, and soluble and physical removal) before and after conversion. The difference between the soil input-output balances in the virgin peat swamp forest and in the oil palm plantation gave an estimate of peat C loss of 10.8 ± 3.5 Mg C ha −1 yr −1 . Peat C loss from other land use conversions could not be assessed due to lack of data, principally on soil heterotrophic respiration rates. Over 25 years, the conversion of tropical virgin peat swamp forest into oil palm plantation represents a total C loss from both biomass and peat of 427.2 ± 90.7 Mg C ha −1 or 17.1 ± 3.6 Mg C ha. In all situations, peat C loss contributed more than 63% to total C loss, demonstrating the urgent need in terms of the atmospheric greenhouse gas burden to protect tropical virgin peat swamp forests from land use change and fires.

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“…Carbon enters the peat in the form of above and belowground litter, it leaves through peat and litter mineralization (or heterotrophic soil respiration-SRh), fires, methane emissions, and dissolved and particulate organic C (Hergoualc'h and Verchot 2014). SRh is a major source of C loss and a key component of the soil C balance in tropical peatlands (Hergoualc'h and Verchot 2014) however current assessments in forests and oil palm plantations on peat are based on a very limited number of studies (Dariah et al 2014;Ishida et al 2001;Melling et al 2007). In addition, several studies evaluating peat C loss such as the study by Hooijer et al (2010) have not dissociated total from heterotrophic soil respiration or total soil respiration from net CO 2 emissions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Total and heterotrophic soil respiration in a swamp forest and oil palm plantations on peat in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia

et al. 2017

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Heterotrophic respiration is a major component of the soil C balance however we critically lack understanding of its variation upon conversion of peat swamp forests in tropical areas. Our research focused on a primary peat swamp forest and two oil palm plantations aged 1 (OP2012) and 6 years (OP2007). Total and heterotrophic soil respiration were monitored over 13 months in paired control and trenched plots. Spatial variability was taken into account by differentiating hummocks from hollows in the forest; close to palm from far from palm positions in the plantations. Annual total soil respiration was the highest in the oldest plantation (13.8 ± 0.3 Mg C ha -1 year -1 ) followed by the forest and youngest plantation (12.9 ± 0.3 and 11.7 ± 0.4 Mg C ha , respectively). In contrast, the contribution of heterotrophic to total respiration and annual heterotrophic respiration were lower in the forest (55.1 ± 2.8%; 7.1 ± 0.4 Mg C ha -1 year -1 ) than in the plantations (82.5 ± 5.8 and 61.0 ± 2.3%; 9.6 ± 0.8 and 8.4 ± 0.3 Mg C ha -1 year -1 in the OP2012 and OP2007, respectively). The use of total soil respiration rates measured far from palms as an indicator of heterotrophic respiration, as proposed in the literature, overestimates peat and litter mineralization by around 21%. Preliminary budget estimates suggest that over the monitoring period, the peat was a net C source in all land uses; C loss in the plantations was more than twice the loss observed in the forest.

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CO2 Emission Rate from a Primary Peat Swamp Forest Ecosystem in Thailand.

Cited by 7 publications

References 12 publications

Drainage increases CO₂ and N₂O emissions from tropical peat soils

Drainage increases CO₂ and N₂O emissions from tropical peat soils

Stocks and fluxes of carbon associated with land use change in Southeast Asian tropical peatlands: A review

Total and heterotrophic soil respiration in a swamp forest and oil palm plantations on peat in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia

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CO2 Emission Rate from a Primary Peat Swamp Forest Ecosystem in Thailand.

Cited by 7 publications

References 12 publications

Drainage increases CO2 and N2O emissions from tropical peat soils

Drainage increases CO2 and N2O emissions from tropical peat soils

Stocks and fluxes of carbon associated with land use change in Southeast Asian tropical peatlands: A review

Total and heterotrophic soil respiration in a swamp forest and oil palm plantations on peat in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia

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Drainage increases CO₂ and N₂O emissions from tropical peat soils

Drainage increases CO₂ and N₂O emissions from tropical peat soils