CO2 emissions and heat flow through soil, fumaroles, and steam heated mud pools at the Reykjanes geothermal area, SW Iceland

Fridriksson, Thráinn; Kristjánsson, Bjarni Reyr; Ármannsson, Halldór; Margrétardóttir, Eygerður; S, Ólafsdóttir; Chiodini, Giovanni

doi:10.1016/j.apgeochem.2006.04.006

Cited by 106 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 40 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…À1 ) were the highest that have been measured using same methodology in Iceland (max $ 2200 g m À2 d À1 at Reykjanes, Fridriksson et al, 2006;and 18,000 g m À2 d…”

Section: Subsurface Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The spatial restriction of the gas emissions is further highlighted by comparison between the 'hot ground' areas at Hekla. It is well established that diffuse gas emissions tend to correlate with elevated ground temperatures (e.g., Fridriksson et al, 2006). At Hekla, however, it is noteworthy that there are areas outside the summit crater which have elevated ground temperatures (T G ), but no detectable gas emissions (Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The u CO 2 was measured directly using a closed-chamber portable CO 2 flux meter (Fig. 2) from WestSystems (described in Fridriksson et al, 2006). The measurements were only conducted when dry weather conditions had prevailed for at least 36 h in order to avoid potential effects of water saturation of the soil pores (Granieri et al, 2003).…”

Section: Ground Temperature and Diffuse Co 2 Degassingmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Degassing regime of Hekla volcano 2012–2013

Ilyinskaya

Aiuppa

Bergsson

et al. 2015

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Hekla is a frequently active volcano with an infamously short pre-eruptive warning period. Our project contributes to the ongoing work on improving Hekla's monitoring and early warning systems. In 2012 we began monitoring gas release at Hekla. The dataset comprises semi-permanent near-real time measurements with a MultiGAS system, quantification of diffuse gas flux, and direct samples analysed for composition and isotopes (d 13 C, dD and d 18 O). In addition, we used reaction path modelling to derive information on the origin and reaction pathways of the gas emissions.Hekla's quiescent gas composition was CO 2 -dominated (0.8 mol fraction) and the d À1 are sourced from a small area at the volcano's summit. There was no detectable gas flux at other craters, even though some of them had higher ground temperatures and had erupted more recently.Our measurements are consistent with a magma reservoir at depth coupled with a shallow dike beneath the summit. In the current quiescent state, the composition of the exsolved gas is substantially modified along its pathway to the surface through cooling and interaction with wall-rock and groundwater. The modification involves both significant H 2 O condensation and scrubbing of S-bearing species, leading to a CO 2 -dominated gas emitted at the summit. We conclude that a compositional shift towards more S-and H 2 O-rich gas compositions if measured in the future by the permanent MultiGAS station should be viewed as sign of imminent volcanic unrest on Hekla.

show abstract

“…À1 ) were the highest that have been measured using same methodology in Iceland (max $ 2200 g m À2 d À1 at Reykjanes, Fridriksson et al, 2006;and 18,000 g m À2 d…”

Section: Subsurface Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Ground Temperature and Diffuse Co 2 Degassingmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Degassing regime of Hekla volcano 2012–2013

Ilyinskaya

Aiuppa

Bergsson

et al. 2015

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Geothermal CO 2 could be transported through the bedrock with geothermal water and mainly outgassed through the soil where the geothermal soil warming was highest (and where geothermal channels were closest to the surface). Such phenomena are known to occur very close to geothermal fumaroles in the same area as the ForHot experiment is located (Fridriksson et al 2006) and are also known from other studies on volcanic soils (Rey 2015).…”

Section: Geothermal Warming Affecting Gas Emissions From Forest Soilmentioning

confidence: 83%

The effect of geothermal soil warming on the production of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), nitric oxide (NO) and nitrous acid (HONO) from forest soil in southern Iceland

Maljanen¹,

Bhattarai²,

Biasi³

et al. 2018

IAS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Geothermal areas can be local sources of greenhouse gases, both directly from the geothermal system or because of soil warming effects on biological sources. In this study we repeated field measurements methane (CH 4 ) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) fluxes along the soil temperature (T s ) gradient in a Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) stand at the ForHot study site in southern Iceland, where geothermal soil warming had started eight years earlier.We complemented these results with in situ measurements of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and topsoil sampled in the same plots to study the production rates of those gases at 20 °C in the laboratory, as well as nitric oxide (NO) and nitrous acid (HONO). We showed that the eight year long exposure to elevated T s had changed the topsoil, including its microbial properties and the production potentials of these gases. However, the production rates of CO 2 , CH 4 and N 2 O measured in laboratory conditions did not clearly follow the in situ fluxes. We discuss both adaptation of microbes and origin of greenhouse gases (depth patterns and microbial vs. geothermal sources) as possible reasons for these discrepancies.Keywords: geothermal soil warming; Picea sitchensis; temperature sensitivity; volcanic soil YFIRLIT Áhrif haekkaðs jarðvegshita á myndun koldíoxíðs (CO 2 ), metans (CH 4 ), hláturgass (N 2 O), nituroxíðs (NO) og nitraðrar sýru (HONO) í skógarjarðvegi á Suðurlandi.Jarðhitasvaeði geta verið uppsprettur ýmissa gróðurhúsalofttegunda, annað hvort beint upp úr jarðhitakerfinu eða vegna áhrifa aukins jarðvegshita á ýmsa lífraena ferla. Í þessari rannsókn endurtókum við maelingar á flaeði metans (CH 4 ) og hláturgass (N 2 O) með auknum jarðvegshita (T s ) í foldu í sitkagreniskógi (Picea sitchensis) á ForHot rannsóknasvaeðinu á Suðurlandi, þar sem jarðhitasvaeði hafði faerst undir átta árum áður. Við baettum einnig við maelingum á losun koldíoxíðs (CO 2 ) í foldu og bárum -niðurstöðurnar saman við losun þessara sömu gastegunda og nituroxíðs (NO) og nitraðrar sýru (HONO) úr jarðvegskjörnum úr sömu reitum sem maeldir voru við 20 °C á rannsóknastofu. Niðurstöðurnar sýndu að átta ára jarðvegshlýnun hafði baeði breytt efnasamsetningu og örveruflóru reitanna og þar með getu til að framleiða áðurnefndar lofttegundir. Hinsvegar breyttist framleiðslugeta CO 2 , CH 4 og N 2 O við 20 °C ekki reglulega með auknum T s í foldu. Við raeðum baeði aðlögun örvera að auknum hita og hvernig uppruni gróðurhúsalofttegunda (úr mismunandi dýpi í jarðvegi og hvort hann er líffraeðilegur eða jarðfraeðilegur) getur mögulega útskýrt þaer niðurstöður sem við fengum.

show abstract

“…Due to its magmatic origin, CO 2 has been found to be the most common gas in geothermal fluids. Concentration levels of CO 2 in soils have been used as tool in geothermal exploration in various geothermal prospects in the recent years [4][5][6][7][8].…”

Section: Carbon Dioxidementioning

confidence: 99%

Geochemical Assessment for Morendat East Geothermal Prospect, Using Radon and Carbondioxide Concentration from Soil, Kenya

Muga¹

2017

JGRE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Geochemical assessment was carried out at the Morendat East geothermal prospect by characterizing radon ( 220 Rn) and Carbondioxide (CO 2 ) concentration levels from soil-gas survey. The primary aim was to locate permeable zones and infer the presence of possible heat source linked to an active geothermal system. The secondary aim was to rank the prospect and facilitate its development by the private sector. This study focused on the distribution of Radon and Carbon dioxide concentration levels in the soil cover within Morendat East area located in Nakuru County. The area was considered as having potential for geothermal resource hence earmarked for study in the financial Year 2014/2015 by the Ministry of Energy and Petroleum. The location is characterized by scarcity of surface geothermal manifestations hence soil gas survey was considered appropriate for the study. Random sampling method was used and resulted in sampling 100 points in an area of about 90 km 2 . CO 2 concentration measurements were done using an Orsat gas sampling apparatus whereas 220 Rn gas concentrations were measured using a portable radon detector. The CO 2 values ranged from 0-5.4% while the 220 Rn ranged from 0-2,834 counts per minute (cpm). Possible faults were inferred north of the prospect area due to the anomalously high levels of CO 2 and 220 Rn recorded.

show abstract

CO2 emissions and heat flow through soil, fumaroles, and steam heated mud pools at the Reykjanes geothermal area, SW Iceland

Cited by 106 publications

References 40 publications

Degassing regime of Hekla volcano 2012–2013

Degassing regime of Hekla volcano 2012–2013

The effect of geothermal soil warming on the production of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), nitric oxide (NO) and nitrous acid (HONO) from forest soil in southern Iceland

Geochemical Assessment for Morendat East Geothermal Prospect, Using Radon and Carbondioxide Concentration from Soil, Kenya

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About