CO2 Flux Responses in a Cool-temperate Grassland to an In Situ Warming Experiment Using Infrared Heaters

Sekine, Yuya; Yoshitake, Shinpei; Tomotsune, Mitsutoshi; Masuda, Rina; Koizumi, Hiroshi

doi:10.5026/jgeography.122.733

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The operation of each heater was controlled using a program that turned on the heater when the temperature difference between the CP and WP was less than 2°C, and turned it off when the difference exceeded 2°C. A more detailed description of this system is given in Sekine et al (2013). Heaters were operated only during the growing season of Z. japonica (from 8 June to 5 December in 2009, from 10 April to 6 December in 2010, and from 10 April to 5 November in 2011), since the study area was covered by snow (over 1 m) during the winter season.…”

Section: Experimental Block and Warming Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our previous study conducted in this same Z. japonica grassland showed that the total number of plant body contacts (N) with 121 pins placed at 1-cm intervals in an area 10 cm · 10 cm has a significant and high positive correlation (n = 12, r = 0.91, P < 0.01) with the AGB (W,gm À2 ) determined using the harvest method. Thus, we derived the following equation (Sekine et al 2013):…”

Section: Experimental Block and Warming Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Soil microbial response to experimental warming in cool temperate semi‐natural grassland in Japan

Yoshitake

Tabei

Mizuno

et al. 2014

Ecological Research

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To assess soil microbial response to global warming in cool temperate semi‐natural grassland, we conducted an in situ warming experiment in grassland located in the mountains of central Japan. Five pairs of plots (control and warmed) of Zoysia japonica were established. For each pair of plots, one was warmed by ca. 2 °C using infrared heaters during the growing seasons of 2009–2011. Above‐ground biomass of Z.japonica was estimated using the modified point‐frame method. Soil organic matter contents, soil total carbon and nitrogen contents, as well as inorganic nitrogen (ammonium and nitrate) contents were determined from soil samples. Total phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) contents and PLFA compositions were determined and used as indices for total microbial biomass and community structure, respectively. Analyses showed that the warming increased the above‐ground biomass of Z. japonica significantly. Soil organic matter and soil total nitrogen contents were significantly decreased, while soil ammonium content was significantly increased in the warmed plots. Soil microbial biomass (especially fungal biomass) was lower in the warmed plots, probably reflecting higher temperature, lower soil water content, and/or depletion in available nutrients. The significant decrease in fungal biomass, in combination with our PLFA composition data, suggests that the soil microbial community structure shifted from a fungal‐dominated to a bacteria‐dominated one, causing changes in community‐level physiological activity.

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Section: Experimental Block and Warming Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Block and Warming Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil microbial response to experimental warming in cool temperate semi‐natural grassland in Japan

Yoshitake

Tabei

Mizuno

et al. 2014

Ecological Research

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“…Therefore, responses of grassland C fluxes to climate warming can play a large role in driving changes in global C cycling (e.g., Ahlstrom et al, ; Parton, Scurlock, Ojima, Schimel, & Hall, ). However, reported responses of grassland C cycling to warming experiments have produced inconsistent results, including positive (Ganjurjav et al, ; Peng et al, ; Sekine, Yoshitake, Tomotsune, Masuda, & Koizumi, ), negative (Niu et al, ; Phillips, Gregg, & Wilson, ), or no effects (Pendall et al, ; Wu, Dijkstra, Koch, Peñuelas, & Hungate, ). These divergent responses could be due to several factors, such as: (a) variations in initial climate conditions, (b) differing temperature sensitivities of various C cycle processes, (c) differences in the duration of warming treatments, as well as (d) differences in experimental warming methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of climate warming on carbon fluxes in grasslands— A global meta‐analysis

Wang

Quesada

Xia

et al. 2019

Global Change Biology

130

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Climate warming will affect terrestrial ecosystems in many ways, and warming‐induced changes in terrestrial carbon (C) cycling could accelerate or slow future warming. So far, warming experiments have shown a wide range of C flux responses, across and within biome types. However, past meta‐analyses of C flux responses have lacked sufficient sample size to discern relative responses for a given biome type. For instance grasslands contribute greatly to global terrestrial C fluxes, and to date grassland warming experiments provide the opportunity to evaluate concurrent responses of both plant and soil C fluxes. Here, we compiled data from 70 sites (in total 622 observations) to evaluate the response of C fluxes to experimental warming across three grassland types (cold, temperate, and semi‐arid), warming methods, and short (≤3 years) and longer‐term (>3 years) experiment lengths. Overall, our meta‐analysis revealed that experimental warming stimulated C fluxes in grassland ecosystems with regard to both plant production (e.g., net primary productivity (NPP) 15.4%; aboveground NPP (ANPP) by 7.6%, belowground NPP (BNPP) by 11.6%) and soil respiration (Rs) (9.5%). However, the magnitude of C flux stimulation varied significantly across cold, temperate and semi‐arid grasslands, in that responses for most C fluxes were larger in cold than temperate or semi‐arid ecosystems. In semi‐arid and temperate grasslands, ecosystem respiration (Reco) was more sensitive to warming than gross primary productivity (GPP), while the opposite was observed for cold grasslands, where warming produced a net increase in whole‐ecosystem C storage. However, the stimulatory effect of warming on ANPP and Rs observed in short‐term studies (≤3 years) in both cold and temperate grasslands disappeared in longer‐term experiments (>3 years). These results highlight the importance of conducting long‐term warming experiments, and in examining responses across a wide range of climate.

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“…The block had been used since 2008 for an experiment to test the impact of warming on Z. japonica semi‐natural grassland and 18 Z. japonica plots (ca. 1.2 × 0.8 m 2 ) were located with about 1‐m intervals each other (Sekine et al., 2013; Suzuki et al., 2016; Yoshitake et al., 2015). The site has a cool‐temperate climate and is usually covered by snow from late December to early April.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Composite effects of temperature increase and snow cover change on litter decomposition and microbial community in cool‐temperate grassland

et al. 2020

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We aimed to clarify the individual and interactive effects of temperature increase during snow‐free seasons and snow depth change (increase/decrease) on litter decomposition and microbial community in cool‐temperate semi‐natural grassland. We conducted a 2‐year in situ composite warming experiment comprising temperature increase (ca. 2°C) using infrared heaters during snow‐free seasons and manual snow depth manipulation (±50% in snow depth) in Japanese grassland. Changes in litter mass remaining and litter carbon‐to‐nitrogen ratio (C/N ratio) were assessed by litter bag methods. Microbial biomass and community structure were determined by phospholipid fatty acid analysis. Litter decomposition constant (k) was low in the plots with temperature increase during snow‐free seasons (0.56) and with less snow cover (0.57), but combining these two treatments resulted in acceleration of decomposition (k = 0.70); probably, decreased decomposition in the cold climate of early spring resulting from advanced snow melting was compensated for by higher temperature. Differences in mass loss among the treatments were well explained by litter C/N, microbial biomass and microbial community structure. The plots with a high mass loss showed lower litter C/N ratio, larger microbial biomass and different microbial community structure comparing to the plots with low mass loss. Our results showed the complex responses of litter decomposition to summer and winter climate change and combination of less snow cover and summer warming seemed to accelerate the decomposition in cool‐temperate semi‐natural grassland.

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CO2 Flux Responses in a Cool-temperate Grassland to an In Situ Warming Experiment Using Infrared Heaters

Cited by 5 publications

References 37 publications

Soil microbial response to experimental warming in cool temperate semi‐natural grassland in Japan

Soil microbial response to experimental warming in cool temperate semi‐natural grassland in Japan

Effects of climate warming on carbon fluxes in grasslands— A global meta‐analysis

Composite effects of temperature increase and snow cover change on litter decomposition and microbial community in cool‐temperate grassland

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