CO2 increases oceanic primary production

Hein, Mette; Sand‐Jensen, Kaj

doi:10.1038/41457

Cited by 264 publications

(205 citation statements)

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“…Our findings are consistent with previous reports that CO 2 availability can limit phytoplankton productivity in a wide range of conditions, including nutrientreplete freshwater cultures [16] and nutrient-poor oceans [15].…”

Section: (A) Effectiveness Of Co 2 Treatmentsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…This assumption is challenged by the presence of inducible carbon concentration mechanisms (CCMs), which increase the local concentration of CO 2 around RuBisCo in the chloroplast when the external concentration is low [14]. Moreover, there is a growing body of evidence that enrichment with CO 2 increases productivity in a diversity of aquatic systems [15][16][17]. We are gaining a growing understanding of the growth response of phytoplankton to CO 2 , including the effect of nutrient availability and the physiological mechanism underlying it [18,19].…”

Section: Introduction (A) the Response Of Primary Producers To Risingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long-term culture at elevated atmospheric CO₂fails to evoke specific adaptation in seven freshwater phytoplankton species

et al. 2013

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The concentration of CO 2 in the atmosphere is expected to double by the end of the century. Experiments have shown that this will have important effects on the physiology and ecology of photosynthetic organisms, but it is still unclear if elevated CO 2 will elicit an evolutionary response in primary producers that causes changes in physiological and ecological attributes. In this study, we cultured lines of seven species of freshwater phytoplankton from three major groups at current (approx. 380 ppm CO 2 ) and predicted future conditions (1000 ppm CO 2 ) for over 750 generations. We grew the phytoplankton under three culture regimes: nutrient-replete liquid medium, nutrient-poor liquid medium and solid agar medium. We then performed reciprocal transplant assays to test for specific adaptation to elevated CO 2 in these lines. We found no evidence for evolutionary change. We conclude that the physiology of carbon utilization may be conserved in natural freshwater phytoplankton communities experiencing rising atmospheric CO 2 levels, without substantial evolutionary change.

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Section: (A) Effectiveness Of Co 2 Treatmentsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Introduction (A) the Response Of Primary Producers To Risingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term culture at elevated atmospheric CO₂fails to evoke specific adaptation in seven freshwater phytoplankton species

et al. 2013

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“…Similar to previous research 4 , our results demonstrate that CO 2 limits primary production, an idea that has been largely ignored in the past owing to high concentrations of dissolved inorganic carbon relative to other nutrients in the photic layer. Although inorganic carbon in the ocean exists mainly as bicarbonate (HCO 3 − ), passive uptake of uncharged CO 2 molecules is generally preferred over uptake of bicarbonate, which requires active transport across membranes and conversion to CO 2 to be used for photosynthesis, an energy-consuming process 23 .…”

supporting

confidence: 77%

Temperature dependence of CO2-enhanced primary production in the European Arctic Ocean

et al. 2015

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The Arctic Ocean is warming at two to three times the global rate 1 and is perceived to be a bellwether for ocean acidification 2,3 . Increased CO 2 concentrations are expected to have a fertilization e ect on marine autotrophs 4 , and higher temperatures should lead to increased rates of planktonic primary production 5 . Yet, simultaneous assessment of warming and increased CO 2 on primary production in the Arctic has not been conducted. Here we test the expectation that CO 2 -enhanced gross primary production (GPP) may be temperature dependent, using data from several oceanographic cruises and experiments from both spring and summer in the European sector of the Arctic Ocean. Results confirm that CO 2 enhances GPP (by a factor of up to ten) over a range of 145-2,099 µatm; however, the greatest e ects are observed only at lower temperatures and are constrained by nutrient and light availability to the spring period. The temperature dependence of CO 2 -enhanced primary production has significant implications for metabolic balance in a warmer, CO 2 -enriched Arctic Ocean in the future. In particular, it indicates that a twofold increase in primary production during the spring is likely in the Arctic.Primary production in the Arctic Ocean supports significant fisheries 6 and renders it an important sink for anthropogenic carbon 2 ; however, climate change has the potential to alter these capacities. Accelerated ice loss is opening surface area across the Arctic, resulting in observations of increased rates of primary production 7 . The reduced salinity caused by melting ice, combined with increasing temperatures, however, increases stratification, restricting turbulent nutrient supply to surface layers 8 . Ice loss also increases surface area for air-sea CO 2 exchange, causing an uptake from the atmosphere into surface waters with already low p CO 2 (ref. 9), and ice melt introduces freshwater with low alkalinity and dissolved inorganic carbon, further lowering the carbon content of surface waters 10 . The surface waters of the Arctic Ocean are largely undersaturated with respect to CO 2 throughout spring and summer 2 . In the European sector of the Arctic Ocean (BarentsGreenland Sea/Fram Strait), p CO 2 varies seasonally by more than 200 µatm, with values as low as 100 µatm in spring months 11 owing to strong net community production associated with the spring bloom of ice algae followed by that of planktonic algae

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“…Most experimental studies on non-calcifying phytoplankton organisms have not described any strong impacts of direct ocean acidification on photosynthetic rates of primary producers (Beardall et al 2009;Hein and SandJensen 1997;Giordano et al 2005), but rather an increase in biomass of the primary producers (Riebesell et al 2007;Urabe et al 2003;Hein and Sand-Jensen 1997;Tortell et al 1997). The observed effects on marine phytoplankton were mainly due to an increase in the availability of carbon and subsequent changes in the carbon-to-nutrient stoichiometry of the algal cells (Urabe and Waki 2009;Hessen and Anderson 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased carbon dioxide availability alters phytoplankton stoichiometry and affects carbon cycling and growth of a marine planktonic herbivore

et al. 2012

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Rising levels of CO 2 in the atmosphere have led to increased CO 2 concentrations in the oceans. This enhanced carbon availability to the marine primary producers has the potential to change their nutrient stoichiometry, and higher carbon-to-nutrient ratios are expected. As a result, the quality of the primary producers as food for herbivores may change. Here, we present experimental work showing the effect of feeding Rhodomonas salina grown under different pCO 2 (200, 400 and 800 latm) on the copepod Acartia tonsa. The rate of development of copepodites decreased with increasing CO 2 availability to the algae. The surplus carbon in the algae was excreted by the copepods, with younger stages (copepodites) excreting most of their surplus carbon through respiration and adult copepods excreting surplus carbon mostly as DOC. We consider the possible consequences of different excretory pathways for the ecosystem. A continued increase in the CO 2 availability for primary production, together with changes in the nutrient loading of coastal ecosystems, may cause changes in the trophic links between primary producers and herbivores.

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CO2 increases oceanic primary production

Cited by 264 publications

References 2 publications

Long-term culture at elevated atmospheric CO₂fails to evoke specific adaptation in seven freshwater phytoplankton species

Long-term culture at elevated atmospheric CO₂fails to evoke specific adaptation in seven freshwater phytoplankton species

Temperature dependence of CO2-enhanced primary production in the European Arctic Ocean

Increased carbon dioxide availability alters phytoplankton stoichiometry and affects carbon cycling and growth of a marine planktonic herbivore

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CO2 increases oceanic primary production

Cited by 264 publications

References 2 publications

Long-term culture at elevated atmospheric CO2fails to evoke specific adaptation in seven freshwater phytoplankton species

Long-term culture at elevated atmospheric CO2fails to evoke specific adaptation in seven freshwater phytoplankton species

Temperature dependence of CO2-enhanced primary production in the European Arctic Ocean

Increased carbon dioxide availability alters phytoplankton stoichiometry and affects carbon cycling and growth of a marine planktonic herbivore

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Long-term culture at elevated atmospheric CO₂fails to evoke specific adaptation in seven freshwater phytoplankton species

Long-term culture at elevated atmospheric CO₂fails to evoke specific adaptation in seven freshwater phytoplankton species