CO2-scrubbing and methanation as purification system for PEFC

Ledjeff-Hey, K.; Roes, J.; Wolters, Ralf

doi:10.1016/s0378-7753(99)00494-2

Cited by 40 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…The treated syngas with such a low CO 2 concentration of ~0.1% can be readily processed to convert the carbon oxides to methane via methanation at 160 -220 o C with a CO concentration of less than 10 ppm in the H 2 product [27][28][29][30][31]. The methanation reactions are as follows:…”

Section: Methanation Of Treated Syngas To Achieve <10 Ppm Comentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Novel Water-Gas Shift Membrane Reactor

Ho¹

2004

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This report summarizes the objectives, technical barrier, approach, and accomplishments for the development of a novel water-gas-shift (WGS) membrane reactor for hydrogen enhancement and CO reduction. We have synthesized novel CO 2 -selective membranes with high CO 2 permeabilities and high CO 2 /H 2 and CO 2 /CO selectivities by incorporating amino groups in polymer networks. We have also developed a one-dimensional non-isothermal model for the countercurrent WGS membrane reactor. The modeling results have shown that H 2 enhancement (>99.6% H 2 for the steam reforming of methane and >54% H 2 for the autothermal reforming of gasoline with air on a dry basis) via CO 2 removal and CO reduction to 10 ppm or lower are achievable for synthesis gases. With this model, we have elucidated the effects of system parameters, including CO 2 /H 2 selectivity, CO 2 permeability, sweep/feed flow rate ratio, feed temperature, sweep temperature, feed pressure, catalyst activity, and feed CO concentration, on the membrane reactor performance. Based on the modeling study using the membrane data obtained, we showed the feasibility of achieving H 2 enhancement via CO 2 removal, CO reduction to ≤ 10 ppm, and high H 2 recovery. Using the membrane synthesized, we have obtained <10 ppm CO in the H 2 product in WGS membrane reactor experiments. From the experiments, we verified the model developed. In addition, we removed CO 2 from a syngas containing 17% CO 2 to about 30 ppm. The CO 2 removal data agreed well with the model developed. The syngas with about 0.1% CO 2 and 1% CO was processed to convert the carbon oxides to methane via methanation to obtain <5 ppm CO in the H 2 product. 2 Objectives• Produce a hydrogen product with <10 ppm CO at the high pressure used for reforming.• Overcome Fuel-Flexible Fuel Processors Barrier L: H 2 purification/CO clean-up.• Synthesize and characterize CO 2 -selective membranes for the novel WGS membrane reactor.• Develop the water-gas-shift (WGS) membrane reactor for achieving <10 ppm CO.• Develop and verify a mathematical model to predict the performance of the WGS membrane reactor. Technical Barrier The Hydrogen, Fuel Cells and Infrastructure Technologies Multiyear Research, Development and Demonstration Plan technical barrier this project addressed included:• L: H 2 Purification/CO Clean-up (to achieve the target of <10 ppm CO). Approach• Synthesize and characterize CO 2 -selective membranes containing amino groups.• Use the CO 2 -selective membrane synthesized to remove CO 2 for H 2 enhancement.• Drive the WGS reaction to the product side via CO 2 removal:CO + H 2 O → H 2 + CO 2 ↑ • Decrease CO to <10 ppm in the H 2 product via CO 2 removal.• Develop a mathematical model to predict the performance of the membrane reactor.• Use the model developed to study membrane reactor performance and to guide/minimize experimental work. Accomplishments• Obtained <10 ppm CO in the H 2 product in WGS membrane reactor experiments using the small circular lab membrane cell ("Small Cell") with the syngas f...

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Section: Methanation Of Treated Syngas To Achieve <10 Ppm Comentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Novel Water-Gas Shift Membrane Reactor

Ho¹

2004

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“…However, the kinetic potential of catalysts greatly affects the actual reaction rate to the desired products. Depending on the feed stream characteristics and the catalyst that is used in conditioning, side reactions such as the methanation reaction can accompany the water gas shift reaction process: CO + 3H 2 = CH 4 Meantime, generating CH 4 that is of a high heating value and a low toxicity, could be even preferred than oxidation to CO 2 [1,2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water–Gas Shift Reaction over Ni/CeO2 Catalysts

et al. 2017

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This paper reports the results of a study of a water-gas shift reaction over nickel-ceria catalysts with different metal loading. Within this study, the overall CO conversion and observed kinetic behavior were investigated over the temperature range of 250-550 • C in different reactor configurations (fixed-bed and microchannel reactors). The quasi-steady state kinetics of the CO water-gas shift reaction was studied for fractions of Ni-containing cerium oxide catalysts in fixed-bed experiments at lab-scale level using a very dilute gas (1% CO + 1.8% H 2 O in He). A set of experiments with a microchannel reactor was performed using the feed composition (CO:H 2 O:H 2 :N 2 = 1:2:2:2), representing a product gas from methane partial oxidation. The results were interpreted using computational models. The kinetic parameters were determined by regression analysis, while mechanistic aspects were considered only briefly. Simulation of the WGS reaction in the microreactor was also carried out by using the COMSOL Multiphysics program.

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“…As illustrated in Figure 2, there are typically two WGS reactors operating at different temperatures [7], [18]. In the WGS, water is injected into the gas flow in order to promote a water gas shift reaction:…”

Section: Overview Of the Fuel Processing System (Fps)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Control-oriented model of fuel processor for hydrogen generation in fuel cell applications

Pukrushpan

Stefanopoulou

Varigonda³

et al. 2006

Control Engineering Practice

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A control-oriented dynamic model of a catalytic partial oxidation-based fuel processor is developed using physicsbased principles. The Fuel Processor System (FPS) converts a hydrocarbon fuel to a hydrogen (H 2 ) rich mixture that is directly feed to the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Stack (PEM-FCS). Cost and performance requirements of the total powerplant typically lead to highly integrated designs and stringent control objectives. Physics based component models are extremely useful in understanding the system level interactions, implications on system performance and in model-based controller design. The model can be used in a multivariable analysis to determine characteristics of the system that might limit performance of a controller or a control design.In this paper, control theoretic tools such as the relative gain array (RGA) and the observability gramian are employed to guide the control design for a FPS combined with a PEM-FC. For example this simple multivariable analysis suggests that a decrease in HDS volume is critical for the hydrogen starvation control. Moreover, RGA analysis shows different level of coupling between the system dynamics at different power levels. Finally, the observability analysis can help in assessing the relative cost-benefit ratio in adding extra sensors in the system.

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CO2-scrubbing and methanation as purification system for PEFC

Cited by 40 publications

References 0 publications

Development of Novel Water-Gas Shift Membrane Reactor

Development of Novel Water-Gas Shift Membrane Reactor

Water–Gas Shift Reaction over Ni/CeO2 Catalysts

Control-oriented model of fuel processor for hydrogen generation in fuel cell applications

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