CO2 storage potential of basaltic rocks in Iceland and the oceanic ridges

Snæbjörnsdóttir, Sandra Ó.; Wiese, Frauke; Fridriksson, Thráinn; Ármansson, Halldór; Einarsson, Gunnlaugur M.; Gíslason, Sigurður R.

doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.491

Cited by 112 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Such complex, feedback‐prone processes are particularly prevalent in basalt‐hosted hydrothermal systems [ Von Damm , ; Seyfried et al ., ]. Furthermore, basalt covers significant portions of the Earth's surface and much of the ocean floor [ Dessert et al ., ; McGrail et al ., ; Oelkers et al ., ; Goldberg and Slagle , ; Snæbjörnsdóttir et al ., ], such that feedbacks between physical and chemical processes during basalt alteration are present in a variety of environments. Basalt is particularly reactive as its mineralogy includes olivine, which is highly unstable near the Earth's surface [e.g., Allen and Seyfried , ; Beard et al ., ; Kelemen and Hirth , ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Permeability, porosity, and mineral surface area changes in basalt cores induced by reactive transport of CO₂‐rich brine

Luhmann

Tutolo

Bagley

et al. 2017

Water Resources Research

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Four reactive flow‐through laboratory experiments (two each at 0.1 mL/min and 0.01 mL/min flow rates) at 150°C and 150 bar (15 MPa) are conducted on intact basalt cores to assess changes in porosity, permeability, and surface area caused by CO2‐rich fluid‐rock interaction. Permeability decreases slightly during the lower flow rate experiments and increases during the higher flow rate experiments. At the higher flow rate, core permeability increases by more than one order of magnitude in one experiment and less than a factor of two in the other due to differences in preexisting flow path structure. X‐ray computed tomography (XRCT) scans of pre‐ and post‐experiment cores identify both mineral dissolution and secondary mineralization, with a net decrease in XRCT porosity of ∼0.7%–0.8% for the larger pores in all four cores. (Ultra) small‐angle neutron scattering ((U)SANS) data sets indicate an increase in both (U)SANS porosity and specific surface area (SSA) over the ∼1 nm to 10 µm scale range in post‐experiment basalt samples, with differences due to flow rate and reaction time. Net porosity increases from summing porosity changes from XRCT and (U)SANS analyses are consistent with core mass decreases. (U)SANS data suggest an overall preservation of the pore structure with no change in mineral surface roughness from reaction, and the pore structure is unique in comparison to previously published basalt analyses. Together, these data sets illustrate changes in physical parameters that arise due to fluid‐basalt interaction in relatively low pH environments with elevated CO2 concentration, with significant implications for flow, transport, and reaction through geologic formations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Permeability, porosity, and mineral surface area changes in basalt cores induced by reactive transport of CO₂‐rich brine

Luhmann

Tutolo

Bagley

et al. 2017

Water Resources Research

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“…Natural analogues in Iceland, the largest landmass of the oceanic ridges above sea level, have shown that up to 70 kg CO 2 can be stored in a cubic metre of basaltic rock [54]. If these natural analogues in Iceland are used to upscale to the storage potential of all the ocean ridges, we get a huge number [4]. The storage potential of the oceanic ridges is orders of magnitude larger than the estimated CO 2 emission; 5000 GtC, stemming from burning of all fossil fuel on Earth[7] shown in Figure 1.…”

Section: The Global Co 2 Storage Potential In Basaltmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The storage potential of CO 2 within basaltic rocks is enormous. All the carbon released from burning of all fossil fuel on Earth, 5000 GtC, can theoretically be stored in basaltic rocks [4].…”

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confidence: 99%

Rapid solubility and mineral storage of CO2 in basalt

et al. 2014

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The long-term security of geologic carbon storage is critical to its success and public acceptance. Much of the security risk associated with geological carbon storage stems from its buoyancy. Gaseous and supercritical CO 2 are less dense than formation waters, providing a driving force for it to escape back to the surface. This buoyancy can be eliminated by the dissolution of CO 2 into water prior to, or during its injection into the subsurface. The dissolution makes it possible to inject into fractured rocks and further enhance mineral storage of CO 2 especially if injected into silicate rocks rich in divalent metal cations such as basalts and ultra-mafic rocks. We have demonstrated the dissolution of CO 2 into water during its injection into basalt leading to its geologic solubility storage in less than five minutes and potential geologic mineral storage within few years after injection [1][2][3]. The storage potential of CO 2 within basaltic rocks is enormous. All the carbon released from burning of all fossil fuel on Earth, 5000 GtC, can theoretically be stored in basaltic rocks [4].

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“…This effect will be offset somewhat by the decreasing thermodynamic drive for carbonate mineral formation with increasing temperature. For example, calcite and quartz decompose into wollasonite, liberating CO 2 at temperatures exceeding 325 o C (Skippen, 1980;Snaebjörnsdóttir et al, 2014). Due to these competing effects, some have suggested that the optimal temperature for subsurface mineral carbonation occurs at approximately 185 o C (e.g.…”

Section: Capture and Injection Into The Subsurface Of The Co 2 /H 2 Smentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are many places around the world, however, which have both abundant water and permeable basalts, which may provide conditions for the further application of this CCS approach. Notably, the ocean floor is comprised mostly of basalts and adjacent to an inexhaustible supply of seawater (McGrail et al, 2006;Goldberg et al, 2008;Snaebjörnsdóttir et al, 2014), which may make the CCS methods described above favorable along many continental coastlines and on volcanic islands. For example, the subseafloor basalts of the Juan de Fuca ridge off the coast of the Pacific northwest of the United States have been reported to have porosities of >10%, premeabilites estimated to range from 10 -9 to 10 -5 cm , and a potential pore volume of 780 km 3 (Goldberg et al, 2008).…”

Section: Potential Cost Of This Ccs Approach At Other Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The rapid and cost-effective capture and subsurface mineral storage of carbon and sulfur at the CarbFix2 site

Gunnarsson¹,

Aradóttir²,

Oelkers³

et al. 2018

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

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125

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One of the main challenges of worldwide carbon capture and storage (CCS) efforts is its cost. As much as 90% of this cost stems from the capture of pure or nearly pure CO 2 from exhaust streams. This cost can be lowered by capturing gas mixtures rather than pure CO 2. Here we present a novel integrated carbon capture and storage technology, installed at the CarbFix2 storage site at Hellisheiði, Iceland that lowers considerably the cost and energy required at this site. The CarbFix2 site, located in deeper and hotter rocks than the original CarbFix site, permits the continuous injection of larger quantities of CO 2 and H 2 S than the original site. The integrated process consists of soluble gas mixture capture in water followed by the direct injection of the resulting CO 2-H 2 S-charged water into basaltic rock, where much of the dissolved carbon and sulfur are mineralized within months. This integrated method provides the safe, long-term storage of carbon dioxide and other acid gases at a cost of US $25/ton of the gas mixture at the CarbFix2 site and might provide the technology for lower CCS cost at other sites.

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CO2 storage potential of basaltic rocks in Iceland and the oceanic ridges

Cited by 112 publications

References 31 publications

Permeability, porosity, and mineral surface area changes in basalt cores induced by reactive transport of CO₂‐rich brine

Permeability, porosity, and mineral surface area changes in basalt cores induced by reactive transport of CO₂‐rich brine

Rapid solubility and mineral storage of CO2 in basalt

The rapid and cost-effective capture and subsurface mineral storage of carbon and sulfur at the CarbFix2 site

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CO2 storage potential of basaltic rocks in Iceland and the oceanic ridges

Cited by 112 publications

References 31 publications

Permeability, porosity, and mineral surface area changes in basalt cores induced by reactive transport of CO2‐rich brine

Permeability, porosity, and mineral surface area changes in basalt cores induced by reactive transport of CO2‐rich brine

Rapid solubility and mineral storage of CO2 in basalt

The rapid and cost-effective capture and subsurface mineral storage of carbon and sulfur at the CarbFix2 site

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Permeability, porosity, and mineral surface area changes in basalt cores induced by reactive transport of CO₂‐rich brine

Permeability, porosity, and mineral surface area changes in basalt cores induced by reactive transport of CO₂‐rich brine