CO2Enhancement of Aerobic and Hypoxic C2H4 Production in the Tissues of Cocklebur Seeds at Different Dormant States

Esashi, Yohji; Saijoh, Yukio; Saitoh, Hisato; Ishida, Satoko; Satoh, Shigeru

doi:10.1071/pp9850059

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…In order to examine whether the germinationinhibiting elTect of C2H4 at higher temperatures was due to the inhibition of axial growth by C2H4, the axial segments excised from seeds pre-soaked for 1 week were incubated at 33 °C with C2H4 at various eoncentrations ranging from 0.01 to 30 cm^ m~^ in air or under 0.05 m^ m"^ O2, The hypoxic condition was adopted to restrain CO2 output from the segments to a minimum, for the CO2 output of cocklebur seeds was minimized at ca, 0,05 m-' m~Ô 2 (Esashi et al, 1985), However, an inhibition of axial growth by C2H4 at 33 °C was not detected over its concentration range (data not shown). As shown in Table 3, C2H4 had no influence on the axial growth at 33 °C even at 3 cmm~^, which was significantly effective in stimulating it at 23 °C Esashi et ai, 1976Esashi et ai, , 1978.…”

Section: Control Of Axial Growth By C2h4mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reversal of ethylene action on cocklebur seed germination in relation to duration of pre‐treatment soaking and temperature

Esashi

Saijoh

Ishida

et al. 1986

Plant Cell & Environment

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At 23°G, both GjH^. and GO2 stimulated the germination of freshly itnbibed upper cocklebur {Xattthiut7i petmsylvanicum Wallr,) seeds, but G2H4, unlike GOj, changed to an inhibitor of germination under some soaking conditions. However, when seeds were pre-soaked for more than several hours at 23 °C prior to treatment, C2H4 strongly inhibited their germination at 33 °G, the degree of inhibition increasing with the duration of pre-soaking. Maximum inhibition occurred at 1-3 cm^ m"^ G2H4 when seeds were pre-soaked for 1 week; further increases of G2H4 concentration and pre-soaking period decreased the inhibitory effect. G2H4 was synergistic with GO2 when G2H4 promoted germination, whereas it was antagonistic when inhibitory. Such a transition of the C2H4 action occurred at ca. 27 °G. Also 1-aminocyclopropane-l-carboxylic acid, a G2H4 precursor, inhibited the germination of presoaked seeds at 33 °G, although it promoted the germination at 23 °G. When pre-soaked seeds were prepared for germination by chilling at 8 °G for 3 d, the inhibitory effect of G2H4 on the subsequent germination was manifested even at 23 °C. The reversal of the G2H4 action from promotion to inhibition in cocklebur seed germination is discussed in relation to the engagement of two respiratory pathways in the imbibed seeds.

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Section: Control Of Axial Growth By C2h4mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reversal of ethylene action on cocklebur seed germination in relation to duration of pre‐treatment soaking and temperature

Esashi

Saijoh

Ishida

et al. 1986

Plant Cell & Environment

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“…Negm et al (22) have reported that C2H4 requires a minimum endogenous level of CO2 for overcoming the high temperatureinduced secondary dormancy oflettuce seeds. On the other hand, in cocklebur seeds, the respiration activity and C2H4 production decrease with the development of secondary dormancy (10), but the C02-enhancement ofC2H4 production increases ( 12). Neither CO2 or C2H4 applied singly could stimulate the germination of secondarily dormant cocklebur seeds.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Interrelations between Carbon Dioxide and Ethylene on the Stimulation of Cocklebur Seed Germination

Esashi¹,

Kawabe²,

Isuzugawa³

et al. 1988

Plant Physiol.

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Interrelations between CO2 and C2H4 on promotion of seed germination were examined in more detail at 23°C with presoaked upper seeds of Xawthium penlsylvanicum WaUr. The germination-promoting effect of C2H, decreased gradually as its application time was delayed during a soaking period, whereas CO2 was most promotive in application at 5 days of soaking, then its effect declined. CO2 and C2I4 were additive in earlier soaking periods and synergistic in later periods. Such ing upon the preconditioning of the seeds during soaking. The upper cocklebur seeds which require red light for germination were capable of germinating in response to far red light or in darkness when subjected to lower temperatures during the presoaking period (11). The germination of this seed responds positively to C2H4 at 23°C, but is strongly inhibited by C2H4 at higher temperatures above 27°C when they were presoaked over several hours at 23°C (14). These facts suggest that the sequence of the CO2-and C2H4-sensitive phases in cocklebur seed germination could be changed by seed conditioning. Negm et al. (22) have reported that C2H4 requires a minimum endogenous level of CO2 for overcoming the high temperatureinduced secondary dormancy oflettuce seeds. On the other hand, in cocklebur seeds, the respiration activity and C2H4 production decrease with the development of secondary dormancy (10) (21,27). On the other hand, we have reported that CO2 promotes seed germination by dual manners: first by enhancing the production of C2H4 which stimulates seed germination (13,19), and second, by increasing the initial growth of seed tissues by CO2 itself( 1-3). These imply that the difference in phase sequence may come from the different dependency of germinating seed species upon C2H4. Thus, if the germination of some seeds depends greatly upon the endogenous C2H4, the production of which is controlled by CO2, then CO2 would be required before C2H4 in the induction of their germination. Conversely, if the endogenous C2H4 level has been sufficiently attained, the C02-sensitive phase is not required to be preceded by the C2H4-sensitive phase.We have previously described that the responsiveness of seeds to various germination-controlling factors varies widely, depend- MATERIALS AND METHODSPost-ripened upper seeds of cocklebur (Xanthium pennsylvanicum Wallr.) harvested in November 1984 were used throughout this study. Prior to gas treatments, seeds were soaked at 23°C on a water substratum in 15-cm Petri dishes for described periods.Germination Test. Presoaked seeds were placed on 2 discs of filter paper wetted with 4 ml distilled water in 125-ml flasks in which the small glass tubes containing 0.5 ml of 2.5 M NaOH, a CO2 absorbent, and/or 0.2 ml of 0.25 M Hg(C104)2, a C2H4 absorbent, were included. The flasks were sealed with a skirted rubber stopper and the necessary volumes of C2H4 and/or CO2 were injected with a syringe. Needle perforations on the rubber stoppers were covered with a piece of adhesive vinyl tape. Triplicates of 18 to 22 seeds ...

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Production of ethylene, its precursors and implied enzyme activities in isolated chickpea embryonic axes during the onset of growth

Delgado¹,

Matilla²

1994

Biologia plant.

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The embryonic axes of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) seeds were used to quantify 1-(malonyl)aminocyclopropane-l-carboxylic acid (MACC), 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), ethylene and some related enzymes during the initial 18 h imbibition period (anaerobic growth phase). Longer cold storage (stratification) of seeds produced higher levels of MACC and ACC. Maximum accumulation of MACC and malonyl-transferase activity occurred after 5 h of growth but MACC levels later became insignificant. ACC-synthase activity and endogenous ACC seem to reach a maximum 2 h after MACC accumulation. MACC-hydrolase activity was measured "in-vitro" and reached a maximum after 5.5 h of growth. These results suggest that endogenous MACC did not seem to be an end product; it may be involved in ACC production and the regulation of ethylene production before the emergence of the radicle. Ethylene-forming enzyme (EFE) activity reached a maximum after 12 h and ethylene production after 18 h of growth. The physiological implications of this temporal separation of MACC, ACC, ethylene and related enzymes is discussed.

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CO2Enhancement of Aerobic and Hypoxic C2H4 Production in the Tissues of Cocklebur Seeds at Different Dormant States

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Reversal of ethylene action on cocklebur seed germination in relation to duration of pre‐treatment soaking and temperature

Reversal of ethylene action on cocklebur seed germination in relation to duration of pre‐treatment soaking and temperature

Interrelations between Carbon Dioxide and Ethylene on the Stimulation of Cocklebur Seed Germination

Production of ethylene, its precursors and implied enzyme activities in isolated chickpea embryonic axes during the onset of growth

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