Coagulase in Reversing Antibacterial Activity of Normal Human Serum on Micrococcus pyogenes.

Ekstedt, Richard D.; Nungester, W. J.

doi:10.3181/00379727-89-21724

Cited by 33 publications

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“…One may assume that the alpha toxin contributes to the pathological manifestations of staphylococcal diseases even though playing little part in their initiation. On the other hand, it is widely held that coagulase facilitates in some way the establishment of staphylococci in vivo, either by rendering them more resistant to phagocytosis (7-9, 13, 14, 16, 19), or by protecting them against the bactericidal activity of serum (2,17).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, the coagulase-positive forms survive phagocytosis under the same conditions; indeed, they multiply within the phagocytic cells and eventually kill them. It has been reported furthermore that the coagulase-positive strains are better able than the coagulase-negative strains to multiply in normal plasma, the difference appearing to be due to the neutralization of some staphylococcidal property of serum by coagulase (2,17). It could have been expected from these two independent types of observations that the tissues would rapidly destroy the coagulase-negative organisms and that contrariwise, the coagulase-positive forms would survive and begin to multiply in dvo shortly after infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dr. Bernsten used for these typings the collection of staphylococcus phages obtained from Dr. J. Blair (1). 2 We wish to put on record our gratitude to Drs. D. E. Rogers, C. Le Maistre, and R. McCune of The New York Hospital, for their generosity in supplying us with the cultures of strains Giorgio, MAM, Stern, and Air, used in the present work, and for making available to us many of their unpublished findings concerning the behavior of these strains in experimental animals.…”

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The Behavior of Virulent and Avirulent Staphylococci in the Tissues of Normal Mice

Smith

Dubos

1956

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

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The experiments to be described in this and the following two papers are part of an attempt to investigate the effect of metabolic and physiologic disturbances on resistance to bacterial infections. One of the models used in our laboratory for this purpose being the experimental infection of mice with staphylococci, it proved necessary to acquire as a background more precise information concerning the natural history of this experimental disease in normal animals.While not designed for the purpose of analyzing the mechanisms of pathogenicity of staphylococci, the experiments have brought out nevertheless a number of facts relevant to this problem. They have confirmed that the intravenous injection of virulent staphylococci into normal mice commonly results in a fatal outcome due to the rapid and progressive development of abscesses in the kidney (4). As expected, the strains of staphylococci found to be virulent for mice had the ability to coagulate human and rabbit plasma in vitro (7,14,16). However they all proved coagulase-negative in mouse plasma. One unexpected finding emerged from the comparative study of several strains endowed with various degrees of virulencc namely the fact that the non-virulent, coagulasenegative staphylococci tested were not killed in vivo as rapidly and as completely as could have been assumed from the results of phagocytosis experiments in vitro published by other investigators (13,19). True enough these avirulent organisms were progressively cleared from the various organs, but hardly faster than were virulent coagulase-positive staphylococci. Like the latter, the avirulent organisms persisted for many days in the liver, lungs, and spleen--although in much reduced numbers. Even more surprisingly, they often multipled in the kidneys where they reached very large numbers in certain cases before disappearing in the natural course of events.Taken together, the results suggest that, in the mouse at least, the differences in virulence between coagulase-positive and coagulase-negative strains of

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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The Behavior of Virulent and Avirulent Staphylococci in the Tissues of Normal Mice

Smith

Dubos

1956

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

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“…b) Cepas patogênicas ferm entam a m anita no meio de C hapm ann enriquecido com cloreto de sódio (2,9). c) Secreção de estafilocoagulase evi denciada através da prova de coagulação do sangue to tal ou plasm a de coelho (19,7,8,2,9,41 Microorganismo ubíquo, cepas potenci alm ente patogênicas são encontradas em sêres hum anos norm ais principalm ente n a pele e nas fossas nasais (19,4,37). Germe extrem am ente resistente, tem dem onstra do capacidade de adquirir resistência às drogas antim icrobianas ã m edida que estas vão surgindo.…”

Section: Discussão 1 Considerações Microbiológicasunclassified

“…Estudos realizados apciam a produção de coagulase como determ inante de viru lência e têm de um a form a variável suge rido que aquele enzima age evitando ou retardando a fagocitose, criando bloqueio linfático e trombose em tôrno do local ini cial da invasão (5,7,8) .…”

Section: Discussão 1 Considerações Microbiológicasunclassified

Aspectos gerais das septicemias e bacteriemias estafilocócicas no adulto

Gonçalves¹,

Neto²,

Brasil³

et al. 1969

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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São apresentados 25 casos de infecções sistêmicas por estafilococos cra pacientes adultos. Foram incluídos som ente os casos em que houve concordância entre os achados bacteriológicos e clínicos. O Staphylccoceus aureus 1oi o mais encon trado em hemoculturas (17 casos -35, 44, 1, 24, 45). íilccócicas, as septicemias são, sem nenhuÊstes tipos de germes pedem produzir ma dúvida, as de maior gravidade como doenças graves e mortais, não só do ponto atesta a alta m ortalidade atingida, inclu-de vista prim ário, como podem acometer indo estatísticas recentes (12,39,32,9). doentes hospitalizados por condições ouDois tipos de germes preocupam a todos tras tais como: diabetes mellitus, cirrose.

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The growth of staphylococci in human serum

Fletcher

1962

J. Pathol.

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and Weatern Infirmary, Q h g o u rOBSERVATIONS by Ekstedt and Nungester (1955) and Ekstedt (1956a and b) have suggested that human serum contains a heat stable, calcium dependent inhibitor which prevents the growth of coagulase-negative staphylococci. Coagulase-positive staphylococci grow well in serum apparently because they can remove the inhibitor. Thus treatment of the serum with heat-killed suspensions of Staphylococcwr aureus or with cell-free preparations of coagulase was found to render it non-inhibitory to the growth of coagulase-negative organisms.It seemed that knowledge gained from studies of this convenient in-vitro system might be relevant to the aggressive action of coagulase and I therefore considered it important to repeat and, if possible, to extend the observations of Ekstedt and Nungester. MATERIALS AND METHODSOrganisms. Twcnty-five strains of staphylococci, 14 coagulaae negative and 11 coagulase positive, were collected mostly from hospital eources. Coagulase tests were performed by the slide technique and also in tub-containing 1 ml. of 20 per cent. human p h a in saline (0.8 per cent. NaCl) solution. The strains were maintained on nutrient agar slopes in screw-capped bijou bottles.Serum specimem. Thirty sera were investigated. Most of them were obtained from the Blood Transfusion Service and had been found to have insufficiently high titres of anti-Rh agglutinins for grouping purposes. They were stored a t -20' C. and were between 2 weeks and 2 months old at the time of investigation. Before use they were Seitz filtered ; this not only sterilised them but made them completely clear, thus aiding the visual detection of growth. To exclude the possibility that a nutritional deficiency of the Bera and serum derivatives might be responsible for the failure of growth, 6 per cent. of nutrient broth was added to every preparation tested for inhibitory activity. This broth was an ox heart infusion broth containing 0.005 per cent. added para-aminobenzoic acid; in 5 per cent. concentration in saline i t supported luxuriant growth of all the strains in the collection. Placmza apecimm. Some plasmas were obtained from expired transfusion stock and these contained approximately 20 per cent. of an anticoagulant mixture consisting of 2 per cent. disodium citrate and 3 per cent. dextrose. Paired specimens of fresh plasma and serum were taken from blood donors. The plasma was obtained by mixing 18 ml. blood with 2 ml. 3.8 per cent. trisodium citrate and removing the red cells by centrifugation. A corresponding 18 ml. of clotted blood was left overnight at room temperature and the clot was scparated by centrifugation the next day; 0.8 ml. of 3.8 per cent. trisodium citrate was then added to each 4 ml. of the serum to make i t comparable with the corresponding plasma.

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Coagulase in Reversing Antibacterial Activity of Normal Human Serum on Micrococcus pyogenes.

Abstract: From thesis submitted as partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree oi doctor of philosophy in the University of Michigan.t Present address: a p t .

Cited by 33 publications

References 0 publications

The Behavior of Virulent and Avirulent Staphylococci in the Tissues of Normal Mice

The Behavior of Virulent and Avirulent Staphylococci in the Tissues of Normal Mice

Aspectos gerais das septicemias e bacteriemias estafilocócicas no adulto

The growth of staphylococci in human serum

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