“…Several physicochemical treatments such as electrochemical oxidation (Nhan & Luu, 2023), adsorption (Adegoke & Bello, 2015), coagulation-flocculation (Daud et al, 2023), and direct contact membrane distillation (Fortunato et al, 2021) have sufficiently removed the pollutants in textile wastewater. However, those techniques require high operational costs, engineering skills, high energy, and chemical demands (Crini & Lichtfouse, 2019;Moyo et al, 2022).…”