Coagulation in arthropods: defence, wound closure and healing

Theopold, Ulrich; Schmidt, Otto; Söderhäll, Kenneth; Dushay, Mitchell S.

doi:10.1016/j.it.2004.03.004

Cited by 304 publications

(232 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Moreover, although the processes of clotting and of nodule and capsule formation differ in their final appearance, they share some molecular steps, and both involve melanin biosynthesis (24)(25)(26). Among the immune genes involved in these reactions is a sequence of key importance codes for a protein generating amyloid fibers that mediate encapsulation and strictly localized melanization of nonself material in Lepidoptera (27,28).…”

Section: Dwv Infection and Honey Bee Immunosuppressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A mutualistic symbiosis between a parasitic mite and a pathogenic virus undermines honey bee immunity and health

Prisco

Annoscia

Margiotta

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

220

228

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Honey bee colony losses are triggered by interacting stress factors consistently associated with high loads of parasites and/or pathogens. A wealth of biotic and abiotic stressors are involved in the induction of this complex multifactorial syndrome, with the parasitic mite Varroa destructor and the associated deformed wing virus (DWV) apparently playing key roles. The mechanistic basis underpinning this association and the evolutionary implications remain largely obscure. Here we narrow this research gap by demonstrating that DWV, vectored by the Varroa mite, adversely affects humoral and cellular immune responses by interfering with NF-κB signaling. This immunosuppressive effect of the viral pathogen enhances reproduction of the parasitic mite. Our experimental data uncover an unrecognized mutualistic symbiosis between Varroa and DWV, which perpetuates a loop of reciprocal stimulation with escalating negative effects on honey bee immunity and health. These results largely account for the remarkable importance of this mite-virus interaction in the induction of honey bee colony losses. The discovery of this mutualistic association and the elucidation of the underlying regulatory mechanisms sets the stage for a more insightful analysis of how synergistic stress factors contribute to colony collapse, and for the development of new strategies to alleviate this problem.Apis mellifera | Varroa destructor | deformed wing virus | mutualistic symbiosis | honeybee colony losses

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Section: Dwv Infection and Honey Bee Immunosuppressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A mutualistic symbiosis between a parasitic mite and a pathogenic virus undermines honey bee immunity and health

Prisco

Annoscia

Margiotta

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

220

228

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“…In arthropods, hemolymph clot is an extracellular matrix established at sites of damage to staunch bleeding and functions as an important element of the innate immune system through its ability to entrap and immobilize bacteria that have entered the body via wounds (1). In mammals blood coagulation is based on the proteolytically induced polymerization of fibrinogen (2).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Initially, fibrin monomers non-covalently interact with each other, and the resulting homopolymers are further stabilized by the plasma transglutaminase (TGase) 4 through the intermolecular cross-linking of ⑀-(␥ -glutamyl) lysine bonds (3). In crustaceans, although no proteolytic cascades are involved in the hemolymph coagulation, the coagulation also depends on the TGase-mediated cross-linking of specific plasma-clotting proteins (1,4). Insect hemolymph coagulation requires close interaction between plasma components and cellular components derived from hemocytes, resulting in the precipitation of an insoluble matrix (5).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Cysteine-rich Protein from an Arthropod Stabilizes Clotting Mesh and Immobilizes Bacteria at Injury Sites

Matsuda¹,

Osaki²,

Hashii³

et al. 2007

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Hemolymph coagulation in arthropods plays key roles in host defense, including sealing wounds to staunch bleeding and immobilizing invading microorganisms. We have previously reported that horseshoe crab transglutaminase (TGase) promotes cross-linking of a clotting protein (coagulin) with hemocyte-derived proteins (proxins), resulting in the formation of stable coagulin fibrils. Here we show that TGase also cross-links proxins to another hemocyte-derived protein named stablin. Stablin is a cysteine-rich protein of 131 residues. Surface plasmon resonance analysis revealed the specific interaction of stablin with proxin-1 at K d ‫؍‬ 4.0 ؋ 10 ؊9 M. Stablin was predominantly localized in the large granules of hemocytes and secreted by lipopolysaccharide-induced exocytosis. Interestingly, stablin bound to chitin at K d ‫؍‬ 1.5 ؋ 10 ؊8 M, as determined by using a quartz-crystal microbalance. Stablin also interacted with lipopolysaccharides and lipoteichoic acids and exhibited bacterial agglutinating activity against Gram-positive and -negative bacteria. Immunostaining showed that stablin is co-localized with coagulin in the clotting fibrils that effectively trap bacteria. Moreover, an anti-stablin antibody strongly inhibited the proper formation of the clotting fibrils. These data suggest that stablin promotes the formation of the clotting mesh and the immobilization of invading microbes at injury sites. In arthropods, the TGase-mediated cross-linking may play an important role in the initial stage of host defense, wound closure, and healing, as in the case of mammals.

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“…The activation of repair cascades, the transport of cells to a wound, and wound closure are ubiquitous among vertebrates and common among invertebrates (Theopold et al 2004). Although the process of wound healing after CW is almost unstudied, we, here, assume it is similar to general wound healing.…”

Section: Physiological Effects Of Cw the Nature Of The Physiological mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…This elicits a series of responses. For example, in insects, blood clots are formed and prevent systemic infection (Theopold et al 2004;Haine et al 2007). After clotting, the next line of defense is the activation of local and systemic immune cascades .…”

Section: Preventing Microbial Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Copulatory Wounding and Traumatic Insemination

Reinhardt

Anthes

Lange

2015

Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol

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Copulatory wounding (CW) is widespread in the animal kingdom, but likely underreported because of its cryptic nature. We use four case studies (Drosophila flies, Siphopteron slugs, Cimex bugs, and Callosobruchus beetles) to show that CW entails physiological and lifehistory costs, but can evolve into a routine mating strategy that, in some species, involves insemination through the wound. Although interspecific variation in CW is documented, few data exist on intraspecific and none on individual differences. Although defensive mechanisms evolve in the wound recipient, our review also indicates that mating costs in species with CW are slightly higher than in other species. Whether such costs are dose-or frequencydependent, and whether defense occurs as resistance or tolerance, decisively affects the evolutionary outcome. In addition to sexual conflict, CW may also become a model system for reproductive isolation. In this context, we put forward a number of predictions, including (1) occasional CW is more costly than routine CW, (2) CW is more costly in between-than within-population matings, and (3) in the presence of CW, selection may favor the transmission of sexually transmitted diseases if they induce resource allocation. Finally, we outline, and briefly discuss, several medical implications of CW in humans.

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Coagulation in arthropods: defence, wound closure and healing

Cited by 304 publications

References 74 publications

A mutualistic symbiosis between a parasitic mite and a pathogenic virus undermines honey bee immunity and health

A mutualistic symbiosis between a parasitic mite and a pathogenic virus undermines honey bee immunity and health

A Cysteine-rich Protein from an Arthropod Stabilizes Clotting Mesh and Immobilizes Bacteria at Injury Sites

Copulatory Wounding and Traumatic Insemination

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