Coagulation optimization for low temperature and low turbidity source water using combined coagulants: a case study

Large batch bench-scale dissolved air flotation system for simulating full-scale turbidity removal

“…DAF is also more compact than conventional sedimentation treatment, so DAF is sometimes chosen strictly for this reason. In addition, DAF may perform better than sedimentation in colder waters because low temperatures impact the floc strength and floc settling velocity (Xiao et al, 2010;Lou et al, 2012). DAF has been used in Finland for the treatment of several types of surface waters including some with significant NOM content.…”

Performance of PATC-PDMDAAC Composite Coagulants in Low-Temperature and Low-Turbidity Water Treatment

“…The turbidity removal rate of low-temperature and low-turbidity water can exceed 90% when polyaluminum chloride, modified activated silicic acid, and polyacrylamide solutions are simultaneously used, the turbidity removal rate can be less than 80% when polyaluminum chloride was used alone as shown by Xu et al [10]. According to Lou et al [11], polymer-polyferric chloride (PAFC) and its combination (FeCl 3 /PAFC) were used to treat low-temperature low-turbidity water; the results showed that the turbidity of effluent can be reduced to less than 0.5 NTU (Nephelometric Turbidity Unit) after the combination of two conventional coagulants. The feasibility of treating low temperature low turbidity water with high-basicity polychloride and high-viscosity chitosan was studied by Zhang et al [12], the result showed that the compound of high-basicity PAC (Poly Aluminium Chloride) (90.3%) and high-viscosity chitosan (500 m·Pas) and the turbidity removal rate reached 87%.…”

Investigating the removal of residual iron from water through coagulation by means of phosphate compounds

“…Generally, iron concentration in drinking water is less than 0.3 mg L -1 but higher concentration can be found in areas where iron salts are used as coagulants in surface water treatment or where cast iron, steel or galvanic pipes are applied for water distribution. Iron concentration above 0.2 mg L -1 is not suitable for industrial applications [11][12][13][14][15].…”