Coagulopathy of the critically ill equine patient

Schaer, Barbara L. Dallap; Epstein, Kira L.

doi:10.1111/j.1476-4431.2009.00390.x

Cited by 47 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 102 publications

(220 reference statements)

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“…The principles of thromboelastography (TEG) have been reviewed recently and its use has been described in healthy horses 15–18 . Parameters derived from TEG tracings provide information about the initiation of clot formation, clot development, final clot strength, and fibrinolysis and the factors influencing each step.…”

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confidence: 99%

Association between Hypercoagulability and Decreased Survival in Horses with Ischemic or Inflammatory Gastrointestinal Disease

Dunkel

Chan

Boston

et al. 2010

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine

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Background: Coagulopathies are common in horses with ischemic or inflammatory gastrointestinal (GI) disturbances. There is indirect evidence suggesting that early stages of these diseases are characterized by hypercoagulability (HC).Hypothesis/Objectives: HC, assessed via thromboelastography (TEG), is common in horses with ischemic or inflammatory GI diseases. The degree of HC is correlated with nonsurvival and thrombotic complications.Animals: Thirty client-owned horses with ischemic or inflammatory GI disease, 30 client-owned horses with nonischemic or inflammatory GI disease, and 30 healthy horses (control group).Methods: Prospective, observational clinical study. TEG profiles of 30 horses with ischemic or inflammatory GI disease were obtained on admission and 48 hours after admission, and these were compared with profiles from 30 horses with nonischemic or inflammatory GI disease and 30 healthy controls. Prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), antithrombin activity (AT), and D-Dimer concentrations were also determined in horses with GI disease.Results: Horses with ischemic or inflammatory GI disease had shorter R times compared with healthy horses (14.8 AE 8.3 versus 22.8 AE 12 minute; P 5 .011). However, changes were subtle and TEG profiles did not resembled those obtained from animals or humans presumed to be hypercoagulable. Although conventional coagulation testing supported the presence of HC (decreased AT and increased D-Dimer concentrations), TEG and coagulation abnormalities were rarely found in the same horses and the methods were not statistically related.Conclusions and Clinical Importance: There is evidence of HC in horses with GI disease but techniques for diagnoses require refinement.

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confidence: 99%

Association between Hypercoagulability and Decreased Survival in Horses with Ischemic or Inflammatory Gastrointestinal Disease

Dunkel

Chan

Boston

et al. 2010

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine

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“…Therefore, haemorrhage and prolonged bleeding after surgery or thromboembolic complications are realistic risks (Dallap et al 2003;Segura et al 2005;Segura et al 2006;Alsaad and Nori 2009). Most previous studies on haemostatic changes in the course of colic were mainly focused on secondary haemostasis (Dallap et al 2003;Dallap Schaer and Epstein 2009). Only a few studies assessed platelet function in horses with gastrointestinal disease using aggregometry or thromboelastography (Epstein et al 2011;Brooks et al 2007;Mendez-Angulo et al 2010;Epstein et al 2013); however, to our knowledge, there have been no reports evaluating platelet function in horses with colic using the PFA-100.…”

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confidence: 74%

“…Acute colic causes such as large colon volvulus can induce changes in the coagulation system (Dallap et al 2003). These changes are secondary to the haemodynamic and functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract and are also a consequence of an inflammatory process (Levi et al 1997;Dallap et al 2003;Levi and Opal 2006;Dallap Schaer and Epstein 2009;Levi et al 2011). Therefore, haemorrhage and prolonged bleeding after surgery or thromboembolic complications are realistic risks (Dallap et al 2003;Segura et al 2005;Segura et al 2006;Alsaad and Nori 2009).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Platelets play a pivotal role in haemostasis by forming haemostatic plugs, and are also involved in inflammatory and immune processes (Segura et al 2005;Segura et al 2006;Dallap Schaer and Epstein 2009;Piccione et al 2010;Yeaman 2010). Their function can be seen as a succession of overlapping events involving adhesion, aggregation, secretion and promotion of pro-coagulant activity (McMichael 2005;Dallap Schaer and Epstein 2009).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their function can be seen as a succession of overlapping events involving adhesion, aggregation, secretion and promotion of pro-coagulant activity (McMichael 2005;Dallap Schaer and Epstein 2009). Platelets can be activated by several agonists such as thrombin, collagen, adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (Piccione et al 2010).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of platelet function in horses undergoing colic surgery using the PFA-100 platelet function analyser

Iwaszko-Simonik¹,

Graczyk²

2015

Vet. Med. - Czech

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Acute colic in horses, especially presentations requiring surgical correction, such as large colon volvulus, very often involves defective or excess platelet activation. The PFA-100 is a new point-of-care analyser that evaluates platelet function by measuring closure time (CT) in the whole blood of healthy horses in a standardised manner. However, there are no reports on platelet function in horses with colic measured by the PFA-100. The aim of the present study was to investigate platelet function in a group of horses suffering ascending colon displacement (ACD) and who underwent surgery compared to a group of control (C) horses. Thirty ACD cases and twenty untreated clinically healthy control horses were included. Blood samples were collected from the ACD horses prior to and 24, 48 and 72 h after laparotomy. Red blood cell count (RBC), haematocrit (HCT), haemoglobin (Hb) concentration, white blood cell count (WBC), total plasma protein (TP) concentration, platelet count (PLT), platelet volume (MPV) and ADP closure time (CT-ADP) were measured. CT was determined on a PFA-100® device using collagen/ADP cartridges. There were no significant differences in RBC, PLT and MPV between C and ACD horses pre-operatively. Reduced PLT was observed in the post-operative period. The mean CT-ADP of C horses was 96.43 ± 12.53 and 91.43 ± 2.51 seconds in the ACD group prior to surgery. CT-ADP was changed after surgery whereby CT-ADP time was more than doubled. We conclude that the PFA-100 ® can be used to detect platelet function defects in horses.

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Immunohematology and Hemostasis

Jackson

2013

Equine Clinical Pathology

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Coagulopathy of the critically ill equine patient

Cited by 47 publications

References 102 publications

Association between Hypercoagulability and Decreased Survival in Horses with Ischemic or Inflammatory Gastrointestinal Disease

Association between Hypercoagulability and Decreased Survival in Horses with Ischemic or Inflammatory Gastrointestinal Disease

Evaluation of platelet function in horses undergoing colic surgery using the PFA-100 platelet function analyser

Immunohematology and Hemostasis

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