Coagulum Formation and Elimination in Emulsion Copolymerization of Tribromostyrene with Styrene

Bianco, Havazelet; Cohen, Yachin; Narkis, M.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-1581(199610)7:10<809::aid-pat582>3.0.co;2-0

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…For example, Chern and Chen [10] investigated the influence of ionic strength on the stability of latex particles and the resulting deposition of agglomerates. Bianco et al [11] addressed the effect of different organic solvents on the coagulation of latex particles. Kiparissides et al [12] studied factors influencing latex stability in general.…”

Section: Doi: 101002/mren201900035mentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of Polymer Fouling on Heat Transfer Surfaces During Synthesis

Hohlen

Augustin

Scholl

2019

Macro Reaction Engineering

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During the synthesis and processing of polymers, a significant amount of polymer may be deposited on the heat transfer surfaces. This deposit is unwanted and is usually named fouling. This study deals with the fouling behavior of a vinyl acetate/vinyl ester copolymer during emulsion polymerization and compares this to fouling of an already reacted vinyl acetate/ethylene copolymer dispersion. Besides the state of polymerization, also the influence of the wall temperature is investigated. The experiments are performed on cooled and heated surfaces. The deposition process is quantified by the mass‐based fouling resistance, the height of the fouling layer, and the surface coverage using a digital microscope. It is found that the state of polymerization and the temperature gradient between wall and bulk exert a strong influence on the fouling behavior, especially on the structure of the fouling layer.

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Section: Doi: 101002/mren201900035mentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of Polymer Fouling on Heat Transfer Surfaces During Synthesis

Hohlen

Augustin

Scholl

2019

Macro Reaction Engineering

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“…Obviously, the particle-particle interactions should be incorporated in Equation (13). Following the method used for perikinetic fouling, the rate of orthokinetic fouling is as follows (9 of 14) 1600043…”

Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…No proof for shear induced coagulation was found in the range of agitation rates studied (≤220 rpm). Bianco et al found that polymerization of the monomers in the droplets led to coagulum formation in the copolymerization of tribromostyrene (a fire resistant monomer) and styrene. The reason was that tribromostyrene can suffer thermal polymerization at low temperatures (30 °C) …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactor Fouling by Preformed Latexes

Urrutia

Bandrés

Asúa

2016

Macro Reaction Engineering

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Reactor fouling caused by preformed latexes is investigated using 50 wt% solids content latexes of different colloidal stability. In the absence of agitation, a rapid adsorption equilibrium is achieved for pH below the isoelectric point of the stainless steel (pH = 4.3). The equilibrium fouling decreases as solids content decreases and by increasing the pH above the isoelectric point of the stainless steel. The stability of the latex is a major factor determining fouling, which strongly decreases as latex stability increases. Under agitation, fouling increases with time, solids content, and temperature, and it decreases as the colloidal stability of the latex increases. The flow patterns in the reactor determine the distribution of fouling in the baffles. A mechanism for fouling formation is proposed by combining computational fluid dynamics and experimental results.

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“…Thus, the use of reactive polymeric additives, e.g. bromine‐containing polymers, could be a practical solution for such shortcomings, and offer several advantages such as good thermal stability, improved storage stability and relatively low toxicity 7…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PBBA can be used as a reactive additive for engineering fire‐retardant thermoplastics. The homopolymer PPBBA and copolymer from PBBA and various vinylic monomers have been synthesized and characterized as FR by Narkis,7, 9 Dvir1, 3, 4, 8, 10 and others 2, 11. The homopolymer PPBBA exhibits inherent advantages over other halogenated FR additives currently offered for the same application, as a result of its high bromine content and excellent thermal stability 12.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emulsion polymerization of pentabromobenzyl acrylate: effect of reaction parameters on the produced flame‐retardant nanoparticles

Goldshtein

Lublin-Tennenbaum

Margel

2011

Polymer International

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Flame‐retardant nanoparticles of sizes ranging between 33 ± 6 and 460 ± 50 nm were formed by the emulsion polymerization of the pentabromobenzyl acrylate (PBBA) monomer in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate as the surfactant and potassium persulfate as the initiator. The effect of various polymerization parameters, e.g. monomer, crosslinker monomer, initiator and surfactant concentrations, on the size, size distribution and polymerization yield of the poly(pentabromobenzyl acrylate) nanoparticles produced has been elucidated. Poly(pentabromobenzyl acrylate)/polystyrene (PPBBA/PS) nanoblends containing 15% and 70% of PPBBA particles of 33 ± 6 and 460 ± 50 nm diameter were prepared by mixing the particles with a PS solution in methylene chloride, followed by evaporation of the methylene chloride from the mixture. The effect of the size and the content of the PPBBA nanoparticles in the nanoblends on the thermal stability of the PS were also elucidated. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry

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Coagulum Formation and Elimination in Emulsion Copolymerization of Tribromostyrene with Styrene

Cited by 9 publications

References 2 publications

Quantification of Polymer Fouling on Heat Transfer Surfaces During Synthesis

Quantification of Polymer Fouling on Heat Transfer Surfaces During Synthesis

Reactor Fouling by Preformed Latexes

Emulsion polymerization of pentabromobenzyl acrylate: effect of reaction parameters on the produced flame‐retardant nanoparticles

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