Coal Combustion Aerosol Formation Mechanisms: A Review

Damle, Ashok; Ensor, David; Ranade, M. B.

doi:10.1080/02786828208958582

Cited by 92 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Other studies have shown an enrichment of the smaller particle sizes in the trace volatile elements. 21,54,60,61,66,[69][70][71][72][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84] The reasons for attention to the size dependence of trace element concentration are that (1) this provides a diagnostic for the mechanism of surface deposition; (2) the enrichment of submicron particles in certain elements affects the total capture efficiency of that element in the APCDs; and (3) elemental concentrations affect the chemical speciation, which can be important for health effects.…”

Section: Particle (Soot) Inception By Chemical Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sodium, for example, will have its vaporization suppressed either because it may be originally present in sodium aluminosilicates or because it is captured by the alumina silicates after release. [65][66][67] Particle Growth by Condensation and Surface Reaction Vaporized elements distribute on the surfaces of existing submicron and residual ash particles by condensation and chemical reaction. The rate of mass addition to a spherical particle for mass-transfer limited deposition over the entire range of particle size is given by the Fuchs-Sutugin interpolation equation:…”

Section: Particle (Soot) Inception By Chemical Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Power plant coal combustion including pollutant formation, 168,169 ash formation and deposition, 115 submicron particle formation, 14,66,170 and metal transformation 73 have been reviewed. The inorganic particle stack emissions consist of a supermicron mode containing spheres of mineral ash and a submicron mode formed by mineral vaporization and condensation, as discussed above.…”

Section: Coal-fired Steam Generation Boilersmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Combustion Aerosols: Factors Governing Their Size and Composition and Implications to Human Health

Lighty

Veranth

Sarofim

2000

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

1,021

600

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Particulate matter (PM) emissions from stationary combustion sources burning coal, fuel oil, biomass, and waste, and PM from internal combustion (IC) engines burning gasoline and diesel, are a significant source of primary particles smaller than 2.5 µm (PM 2.5 ) in urban areas. Combustion-generated particles are generally smaller than geologically produced dust and have unique chemical composition and morphology. The fundamental processes affecting formation of combustion PM and the emission characteristics of important applications are reviewed. Particles containing transition metals, ultrafine particles, and soot are emphasized because these types of particles have been studied extensively, and their emissions are controlled by the fuel composition and the oxidant-temperature-mixing history from the flame to the stack. There is a need for better integration of the combustion, air pollution control, atmospheric chemistry, and inhalation health research communities. Epidemiology has demonstrated that susceptible individuals are being harmed by ambient PM. Particle surface area, number of ultrafine particles, bioavailable transition metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), and other particle-bound organic compounds are suspected to be more important than particle mass in determining the effects of air pollution. Time-and size-resolved PM measurements are needed for testing mechanistic toxicological hypotheses, for characterizing the relationship between combustion operating conditions and transient emissions, and for source apportionment studies to develop air quality plans. Citations are provided to more specialized reviews, and the concluding comments make suggestions for further research.

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Section: Particle (Soot) Inception By Chemical Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Particle (Soot) Inception By Chemical Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Coal-fired Steam Generation Boilersmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Combustion Aerosols: Factors Governing Their Size and Composition and Implications to Human Health

Lighty

Veranth

Sarofim

2000

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

1,021

600

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“…Obviously, all important governing parameters in the aerosol emissions equation are not well understood. It is generally accepted that conversion of mineral species in the coal to fly ash can follow at least two paths (e.g., Flagan and Friedlander, 1978;Damle et al, 1982). First, the major inclusions can soften and melt during the burning of the char particle (relatively little ash is given off during the coal devolatilization process), and some then coalesce as the char support structure bums away.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Coal Type and Residence Time on the Submicron Aerosol Distribution from Pulverized Coal Combustion

Linak

Peterson

1984

Aerosol Science and Technology

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Three types of pulverized coal were burned in a laboratory furnace under various combustion configurations. Pulverized samples of Utah bituminous, Beulah (North Dakota) lignite, and Texas lignite coals were burned at a rate of 2.5 kg/hr in a laboratory furnace. Aerosol sue distributions were measured at various positions within the convection section, and temperature and gas compositions were measured throughout. The evolution of the submicron particle size distribution within the convection section for the three coals was similar, although the location of the initial particle mode at the convection section inlet varied with coal type. While staged combustion of Utah bituminous coal had a variable effect on the volume of submicron aerosol produced, staged combustion of the lignites caused a definite increase in the submicron aerosol volume. Vapor enhancement due to a localized reducing atmosphere, yhich would effect coals of higher ash volatility, is thought to explain this behavior.

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“…A large particle mode is formed by the coalescence of mineral inclusions in the char and a fine particle mode is formed by a vaporization and condensation mechanism (Damle, Ensor et al 1982). The fine particles have a different bulk composition than the large particles and the structure is layered with the surface enriched in volatile elements (Neville and Sarofim 1982;Linak and Wendt 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%