Coal Mine Workers' Pneumoconiosis (CWP):In VitroStudy of the Release of Organic Compounds from Coal Mine Dust in the Presence of Physiological Fluids

Schulz, Hans-Martin

doi:10.1006/enrs.1997.3728

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Investigation on the cytotoxic characteristics of coal mine dust yielded opposite results: Coal dust from low-rank coal produces a greater cytotoxicity than coal dust from high-rank coal. Leaching of coal dust by dichloromethane and physiological fluids (aqueous solution in the presence of lecithin, a lung surfactant) shows that high concentrations of phenolic compounds are extracted from low-rank coals (Schulz, 1997). Values of phenol index decrease with increasing coal rank.…”

Section: Coal Rankmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the Chemical Properties of Macerals and Minerals in Coal and its Potential Application for Occupational Lung Disease Prevention

Huang

Finkelman

2008

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B

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Recent increases in oil price further strengthen the argument that coal and coal products will play an increasingly important role in fulfilling the energy needs of our society. Coal is an aggregate of heterogeneous substances composed of organic (macerals) and inorganic (minerals) materials. The objective of this review was to assess whether some chemical parameters in coal play a role in producing environmental health problems. Basic properties of coal--such as chemical forms of the organic materials, structure, compositions of minerals--vary from one coal mine region to another as well as from coals of different ranks. Most importantly, changes in chemical properties of coals due to exposure to air and humidity after mining--a dynamic process--significantly affect toxicity attributed to coal and environmental fate. Although coal is an extremely complex and heterogeneous material, the fundamental properties of coal responsible for environmental and adverse health problems are probably related to the same inducing components of coal. For instance, oxidation of pyrite (FeS2) in the coal forms iron sulfate and sulfuric acid, which produces occupational lung diseases (e.g., pneumoconiosis) and other environmental problems (e.g., acid mine drainage and acid rain). Calcite (CaCO3) contained in certain coals alters the end products of pyrite oxidation, which may make these coals less toxic to human inhalation and less hazardous to environmental pollution. Finally, knowledge gained on understanding of the chemical properties of coals is illustrated to apply for prediction of toxicity due to coal possibly before large-scale mining and prevention of occupational lung disease during mining.

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Section: Coal Rankmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the Chemical Properties of Macerals and Minerals in Coal and its Potential Application for Occupational Lung Disease Prevention

Huang

Finkelman

2008

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B

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“…Investigation on the cytotoxic characteristics of coal mine dust yielded opposite results: coal dust from low rank coal causes a higher cytotoxicity than coal dust from high rank coal. Leaching of coal dust by dichloromethane and physiological fl uids (aqueous solution in the presence of lecithin, a lung surfactant) shows that high concentrations of phenolic compounds are extracted from low rank coals (Schulz 1997). Values of phenol index decrease with increasing coal rank.…”

Section: Coal Rankmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction of Iron and Calcium Minerals in Coals and their Roles in Coal Dust-Induced Health and Environmental Problems

Huang¹,

Gordon²,

Rom³

et al. 2006

Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry

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Epidemiological studies using pollutant gases (e.g., SO 2 ) and particle characteristics (e.g., elemental carbon) indicate that products of fossil fuel combustion are important contributors to particulate matter (PM)-associated hospital admissions and mortality. Coal is one of the world's most important fossil fuels, providing 40% of electricity worldwide. Besides individuals exposed to PM in ambient air, coal mining can cause adverse health effects in workers exposed to coal dusts at the workplace. Among the respiratory diseases, coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) has received the most attention because of its clear occupational association. The fi eld of CWP research is one of the few areas in occupational health in which considerable epidemiological data are available. This offers a good opportunity to focus on the relationship between epidemiological data and physico-chemical and/or biological characteristics of coals. The objective of this review is to assess whether some physico-chemical parameters play a role in the observed regional differences in the prevalence of CWP among various coalmine regions. We mainly concentrate on the chemical interaction of two minerals, pyrite (FeS 2 ) and calcite (CaCO 3 ) in the coals and their role in causing occupational lung diseases (e.g., pneumoconiosis) and other environmental problems (e.g., acid mine drainage). Therefore, understanding the chemical interaction of the two minerals in the coal may lead to the identifi cation of the causal components in coal dusts as well as in PM. Examples from U.S.A. coals are used to illustrate the chemical interaction and geological distribution of iron and calcium minerals in various coalmine regions and how the differences in levels of these types of minerals contribute to the observed regional differences in the prevalence of CWP. Molecular mechanisms leading to the CWP development are also discussed, particular in the aspects of oxidative stress and infl ammation.

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“…Stone et al suggested that the soluble cationic components can conceal the surface activity of quartz. Schulz found that clay minerals are enriched in the lung of miners with severe silicosis and can reduce the cytotoxicity of quartz, and that kaolinite has the potential of self-fibrosis. The composition and distribution of minerals and trace elements and the relationship between them may be more important to the activity of SiO 2 . , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The composition and distribution of minerals and trace elements and the relationship between them may be more important to the activity of SiO 2 . 11, 12 The recent studies concentrated on comprehensively analyzing the particle size distribution, minerals, metals, and toxic trace elements in respirable deposited dust in under- ground coal mines. 13−16 Coal dust from eight mines was collected in five locations: intake airway, feeder, production, roof bolter, and return airway; potentially bioaccessible and total acid-soluble mass concentrations of metals and trace elements were determined using sequential digestions by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anomalous Enrichment of As and Hg in Underground Coal Dust: A Case from Xishan Coalfield, Shanxi Province, North China

wang

Zeng

et al. 2023

ACS Omega

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Coal dust is an important source of coal workers’ pneumoconiosis, which is harmful to the health of underground workers. The coal dust samples were directly collected using a coal dust sampler from four major production positions in the underground coal mine. The particle size distribution, mineralogy, and occurrence of As and Hg in the coal dust samples were investigated. The results indicated that the contents of As and Hg were depleted or normal in the parent coal samples compared with the average values of C–P coal in North China and Chinese coal, but they were anomalously enriched in coal dusts. The concentrations of As and Hg in the coal dust samples studied are greater than the values of the elements in the parent coal. The As content in the coal dust samples studied is about one to three orders of magnitude above the parent coal value and the Hg content in the studied coal is 1.28 to 20.28 times higher than the parent coal value. The modes of occurrences of As and Hg were studied by sequential chemical extraction in combination with field emission scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (FESEM-EDS) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy-EDS (HRTEM-EDS). The occurrence of As is dominated mainly by pyrite and secondarily by carbonate and silicate in the coal dust samples. Pyritic Hg and organic Hg may be the dominant forms in mining face and heading face samples, and carbonate and pyritic Hg are the main forms in rocks roadway and return airway samples. It is considered that the mechanochemical effect resulted in the formation of surface active sites and modification of the morphology. Harmful trace elements, such as As, Cd, Hg, Se, Pb, Co, Sb, and Tl, and minor grains associated with nanominerals that bear much hazardous elements, could easily be originally fractionated or adsorbed by airborne particulates. This research aims to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention of occupational disease and underground environmental evaluation.

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Coal Mine Workers' Pneumoconiosis (CWP):In VitroStudy of the Release of Organic Compounds from Coal Mine Dust in the Presence of Physiological Fluids

Cited by 11 publications

References 16 publications

Understanding the Chemical Properties of Macerals and Minerals in Coal and its Potential Application for Occupational Lung Disease Prevention

Understanding the Chemical Properties of Macerals and Minerals in Coal and its Potential Application for Occupational Lung Disease Prevention

Interaction of Iron and Calcium Minerals in Coals and their Roles in Coal Dust-Induced Health and Environmental Problems

Anomalous Enrichment of As and Hg in Underground Coal Dust: A Case from Xishan Coalfield, Shanxi Province, North China

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