“…Composite liquid fuels generically include several components to form a homogeneous mixture of combustible and non-combustible components, solid and liquid. The most popular solid combustible components are coals [11][12][13]39,40] and their derivatives (sludge, filter cake, middlings, semi-coke) [6,9,41]. Peats, solid carbon-containing industrial waste (for example, tire pyrolysis residues) [7], and organic components (sawdust, nutshells and husks, dried algae) [16,17,[42][43][44] can also be successfully utilized in the energy sector as part of CLFs.…”