Coal seam gas (CSG), as a type of unconventional gas
resource,
is playing an increasingly important role in energy generation and
transition to renewables, as the world takes action to meet the climate
change challenge. To produce CSG, the reservoir first needs to be
dewatered, but unreasonable dewatering rates can lead to various unfavorable
outcomes, such as a reduction in productivity, capillary trapping,
borehole instability, excessive coal fines generation, and frequent
production well workovers due to particle-induced damage to pumps.
Determining the optimum dewatering strategy is currently in a very
primitive stage of development, and CSG operators rely on empirical
and instinctive approaches to deal with this problem. This paper conducts
a comprehensive literature review to (i) explain why dewatering rate
optimization remains a great challenge for the CSG industry, (ii)
illustrate the complexity and nature of the issue through a conceptual
model, and (iii) investigate four key factors that dominate the dewatering
optimization design, borehole stability, stress-dependent permeability,
gas–water two-phase flow, and generation of coal fines. A detailed
summary of current dewatering optimization practices in CSG reservoirs
is then presented, focusing on the employed theories, methodology,
key learnings, and limitations of each practice. Finally, the remaining
knowledge gaps are highlighted, and recommendations for further future
work are provided.