The Blocking Lemma identi…es a particular blocking pair for each nonstable and individually rational matching that is preferred by some agents of one side of the market to their optimal stable matching. Its interest lies in the fact that it has been an instrumental result to prove key results on matching. For instance, the fact that in the college admissions problem the workers-optimal stable mechanism is group strategy-proof for the workers and the strong stability theorem in the marriage model follow directly from the Blocking Lemma. However, it is known that the Blocking Lemma and its consequences do not hold in the general many-to-one matching model in which …rms have substitutable preference relations. We show that the Blocking Lemma holds for the many-to-one matching model in which …rms'preference relations are, in addition to substitutable, quota q separable. We also show that the Blocking Lemma holds on a subset of substitutable preference pro…les if and only if the workersoptimal stable mechanism is group strategy-proof for the workers on this subset of pro…les.We are grateful to Flip Klijn, Howard Petith, William Thomson, an associate editor, and two referees for very helpful comments. The work of R. Martínez, A. Neme, and J.