CoAP: An Application Protocol for Billions of Tiny Internet Nodes

Bormann, Carsten; Castellani, Angelo; Shelby, Zach

doi:10.1109/mic.2012.29

Cited by 562 publications

(257 citation statements)

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“…Interestingly, the solution in [29] does not directly use a specific NDN-type names for IoT (e.g./ndn/kcl.edu/strand_building/ 1st_floor/room_17/temperature) for each IoT resource but uses a more scalable and manageable generic and opportunistic search process using attributes of IoT data (e.g. ''traffic'') and following the format of IoT data annotations used by CoAP [11] and specified as CORE Link Formats [31]. If an immediate match is not found, the RD distributes the attribute-based search to all network elements acting as RDs before match(es) are found.…”

Section: Emerging Novel Networking and Routing Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…building or room names), location-based IoT routing [33] or the resource discovery-based solutions (e.g. a client's application level command GET ''/.wellknown/core'' that retrieves resources from a CoAP RD such as a gateway [11]) that need URL or IP address (i.e. DNS) to contact the RD [29].…”

Section: Identifying Iotsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…using RPL [10]. To accompany this, application level protocols that facilitate functioning of ''things'' as web servers are also available: CoAP [11], MQTT [12], CoAP/HTTP proxying [13] etc. Therefore, either as standalone or via a gateway, ''things'' can be connected ''directly'' to the Internet as IP hosts and act as web servers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Liberalising Deployment of Internet of Things Devices and Services in Large Scale Environments

Mihailović

2016

Wireless Pers Commun

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There is an ongoing enormous expansion of Internet of Things devices and services in everyday life, notably in novel large scale urban environments called Smart Cities. There, availability and uses of Internet of Things by end users and businesses is mainly palpable subject to prior knowledge of the relevant providers and use of dedicated applications that are associated with them. This current reality can be largely ascribed to the property of ''verticality'' of autonomous Internet of Things eco-systems in Smart Cities, where Internet of Things devices (e.g. sensor nodes) are connected over a communication infrastructure to service-cloud platforms that deliver and process data that is then presented at the applications level. This paper explains possibilities for revolutionary changes needed towards liberalising deployment and visibility of IoT services and data associated with them. It advocates a conceptual approach termed ''horizontal networking for Internet of Things'' facilitating a more open and generic presence of Internet of Things through the proposed Internet of Things identification meta-data. The vision is built on needed novel practical features in the current communication setups. The features comprise combinations of the opportunistic and near-match search and discovery model, Internet of Things identification meta-data also reflecting the physical and network-based dimensions of devices' locations, novel routing and data flow models emerging via InformationCentric Networking and changes required in the elements of the current telecommunication infrastructure and the Internet.

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Section: Emerging Novel Networking and Routing Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Identifying Iotsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Liberalising Deployment of Internet of Things Devices and Services in Large Scale Environments

Mihailović

2016

Wireless Pers Commun

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“…Rather than introducing a new communications protocol to implement this functionality, this paper focuses on studying the applicability of a standard communication protocol for constrained devices -in particular, the Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) that was introduced as a lightweight alternative to HTTP and optimized to work in constrained environments [5]. The research question addressed in this paper can be formulated as follows: Is it feasible to utilize CoAP as a transfer protocol for retrieving the information needed for monitoring and accounting purposes as metered on constrained devices?…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Constrained devices can be categorized into (i) Class-0 devices ( 10 kByte of RAM and 100 kByte of ROM) only capable of engaging in simple communication scenarios with the help of a proxy or gateway, (ii) Class-1 devices (≈10 kByte of RAM and ≈100 kByte of ROM) powerful enough to directly communicate with their peers in the Internet via lightweight protocols, and (iii) Class-2 devices (≈50 kByte of RAM and ≈250 kByte of ROM) whose capabilities are sufficient to support full-fledged protocols used in conventional network nodes [3]. Among these three categories, Class-1 devices, being both inexpensive and capable of communicating with their peers in the Internet, are believed to play an important role in emerging IoT applications [5]. Class-1 devices therefore determine the main focus of this work.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrieving Monitoring and Accounting Information from Constrained Devices in Internet-of-Things Applications

Mazhelis

Waldburger

Machado

et al. 2013

Lecture Notes in Computer Science

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Internet-of-Things (IoT) is envisioned to provide connectiv-ity to a vast number of sensing or actuating devices with limited com-putational and communication capabilities. For the organizations that manage these constrained devices, the monitoring of each device's oper-ational status and performance level as well as the accounting of their re-source usage are of great importance. However, monitoring and account-ing support is lacking in today's IoT platforms. Hence, this paper stud-ies the applicability of the Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP), a lightweight transfer protocol under development by IETF, for eciently retrieving monitoring and accounting data from constrained devices. On the infrastructure side, the developed prototype relies on using stan-dard building blocks oered by the AMAAIS project in order to collect, pre-process, distribute, and persistently store monitoring and account-ing information. Necessary on-device and infrastructure components are prototypically implemented and empirically evaluated in a realistic sim-ulation environment. Experiment results indicate that CoAP is suited for eciently transferring monitoring and accounting data, both due to a small energy footprint and a memory-wise compact implementation. Abstract. Internet-of-Things (IoT) is envisioned to provide connectivity to a vast number of sensing or actuating devices with limited computational and communication capabilities. For the organizations that manage these constrained devices, the monitoring of each device's operational status and performance level as well as the accounting of their resource usage are of great importance. However, monitoring and accounting support is lacking in today's IoT platforms. Hence, this paper studies the applicability of the Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP), a lightweight transfer protocol under development by IETF, for efficiently retrieving monitoring and accounting data from constrained devices. On the infrastructure side, the developed prototype relies on using standard building blocks offered by the AMAAIS project in order to collect, pre-process, distribute, and persistently store monitoring and accounting information. Necessary on-device and infrastructure components are prototypically implemented and empirically evaluated in a realistic simulation environment. Experiment results indicate that CoAP is suited for efficiently transferring monitoring and accounting data, both due to a small energy footprint and a memory-wise compact implementation.

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