“…The residual fluctuated motion in images can be reduced using various image processing techniques to estimate the local motion vectors, such as block matching [20][21][22][23], bit-plane matching [24,25], Kalman-filter-based prediction [26][27][28][29][30], DFT filtering [31], particle filter [32], scale-invariant feature [33,34], feature point matching [35][36][37][38][39], and optical flow estimation [40][41][42][43][44][45]. These systems do not require any additional mechanism or optical device for video stabilization, and they have been used as low-cost video stabilizers in various applications such as airborne shooting [46][47][48][49][50][51][52], off-road vehicles [53], and teleoperated applications [54][55][56][57], including commercial applications [58][59][60][61][62]. Researchers have been reporting various approaches to achieve real-time DIS systems [63]...…”