Coarse particulate matter (PM2.5–10) in Los Angeles Basin air induces expression of inflammation and cancer biomarkers in rat brains

Ljubimova, Julia Y.; Braubach, Oliver; Patil, Rameshwar; Chiechi, Antonella; Tang, Jie; Galstyan, Anna; Shatalova, Ekaterina S.; Kleinman, Michael T.; Black, Keith L.; Holler, Eggehard

doi:10.1038/s41598-018-23885-3

Cited by 58 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…For much of the 20th century, the brain was viewed as immunologically separate from the rest of the body (reviewed in Carson et al., 2006 ; Perry, 2010 ; Czirr and Wyss-Coray, 2012; Cunningham, 2013 ). However, triggering acute or chronic systemic inflammation with viral, bacterial, and manmade toxicants is now well described to induce innate immune responses within the central nervous system (CNS) ( Perry, 2010 ; Cunningham, 2013 ; Calderón-Garcidueñas et al., 2016 ; Cole et al., 2016 ; Heusinkveld et al., 2016 ; Mumaw et al., 2016 ; Jayaraj et al., 2017 ; Bilbo et al., 2018 ; Ljubimova et al., 2018 ). Less studied are the neuroinflammatory consequences of airborne allergens ( Klein et al., 2016 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous Inhalation Exposure to Fungal Allergen Particulates Induces Lung Inflammation While Reducing Innate Immune Molecule Expression in the Brainstem

et al. 2018

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Continuous exposure to aerosolized fine (particle size ≤2.5 µm) and ultrafine (particle size ≤0.1 µm) particulates can trigger innate inflammatory responses in the lung and brain depending on particle composition. Most studies of manmade toxicants use inhalation exposure routes, whereas most studies of allergens use soluble solutions administered via intranasal or injection routes. Here, we tested whether continuous inhalation exposure to aerosolized Alternaria alternata particulates (a common fungal allergen associated with asthma) would induce innate inflammatory responses in the lung and brain. By designing a new environmental chamber able to control particle size distribution and mass concentration, we continuously exposed adult mice to aerosolized ultrafine Alternaria particulates for 96 hr. Despite induction of innate immune responses in the lung, induction of innate immune responses in whole brain samples was not detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction or flow cytometry. However, exposure did trigger decreases in Arginase 1, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and tumor necrosis factor alpha mRNA in the brainstem samples containing the central nervous system respiratory circuit (the dorsal respiratory group, ventral respiratory group, and the pre-Bötzinger and Bötzinger complexes). In addition, a significant decrease in the percentage of Toll-like receptor 2-expressing brainstem microglia was detected by flow cytometry. Histologic analysis revealed a significant decrease in Iba1 but not glial fibrillary acidic protein immunoreactivity in both the brainstem and the hippocampus. Together these data indicate that inhalation exposure to a natural fungal allergen under conditions sufficient to induce lung inflammation surprisingly causes reductions in baseline expression of select innate immune molecules (similar to that observed during endotoxin tolerance) in the region of the central nervous system controlling respiration.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous Inhalation Exposure to Fungal Allergen Particulates Induces Lung Inflammation While Reducing Innate Immune Molecule Expression in the Brainstem

et al. 2018

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“…(Jung et al, 2010;Freney et al, 2006;Pakbin et al, 2011;Zhao et al, 2005;Dameto et al, 2019). In addition, VACES has been applied to determine the relationship between particulate matter and health effects based on exposure experiments (Klocke et al, 2017;Ljubimova et al, 2018). Nevertheless, although VACES was originally developed to provide technical support for toxicity detection, there is no direct measurement data to show the change in toxicity between ambient particles and VACES particles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A semi-continuous study on the toxicity of atmospheric particles using a versatile aerosol concentration enrichment system (VACES): development and field characterization

Shang¹,

Li²,

Zhang³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Abstract. The toxicity of atmospheric particles directly associates to health effects, but its online monitoring has not yet been implemented due to low-concentration toxic components and high measurement detection limit. To solve the detection problem, we extended a versatile aerosol concentration enrichment system (VACES) for toxicity aerosol measurement and firstly used VACES to provide a comparison of toxicity between non-concentrated and concentrated aerosols in ambient air. Through optimizing the technical parameters, the total concentration (number or mass), the concentration of chemical components, and the toxicity were all increased by approximately 7 to 10 times in VACES. In particular, ambient aerosols with toxicity below the detection limit, were detected significantly after concentration. Moreover, comparable enrichment factors and similar trends before and after enrichment in toxicity were observed over time, suggesting that the toxic properties of ambient aerosols do not change in VACES. Whereas, changes in PM2.5 concentrations and their toxicity do not always correlate well, which was probably driven by the combined toxicity effect of chemical components. Thereby, it hints a necessity to further study on the toxicity effects of chemical compositions. All above also imply that VACES could provide technical support for the future measurement of online atmospheric particulate toxicity, which is currently performed at high-concentration environment, long sampling duration, and offline.

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“…Increases in droplet number concentrations for the same water content can locally increase the albedo and the persistence of clouds (Abrecht, 1989). These are, respectively, termed the "Twomey" (first) and "cloud lifetime" (second) aerosol indirect effects (Twomey, 1977;Lohmann and Feichter, 2005;Charlson and Heintzenberg, 1995;IPCC, 2013). Cloud formation induced by the activation of atmospheric aerosols represents one of the main factors in determining the earth's radiative balance (Furutani et al, 2008) and consequently in estimating global climate change (IPCC, 2013;Houghton, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The VACES has been used in a number of human and animal toxicological studies of the adverse effects of exposure to particulate matter (e.g. Klocke et al, 2017;Ljubimova et al, 2018;Wang et al, 2018). The VACES has been also used to measure particulate matter in different locations, such as in an underground railway station (Loxham et al, 2013), in Mexico City (De Vizcaya-Ruiz et al, 2006), in California's San Joaquin valley (Plummer et al, 2012) and in the Netherlands (Steenhof et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Versatile aerosol concentration enrichment system (VACES) operating as a cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrator: development and laboratory characterization

et al. 2019

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Abstract. The ability of atmospheric aerosol particles to act as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) depends on many factors, including particle size, chemical composition and meteorological conditions. To expand our knowledge of CCN, it is essential to understand the factors leading to CCN activation. For this purpose, a versatile aerosol concentrator enrichment system (VACES) has been modified to select CCN at different supersaturations. The VACES enables sampling non-volatile CCN particles without altering their chemical and physical properties. The redesigned VACES enriches CCN particles by first passing the aerosol flow to a new saturator and then to a condenser. The activated particles are concentrated by an inertial virtual impactor and then can be returned to their original size by diffusion drying. For the calibration, the saturator temperature was fixed at 52 ∘C and the condenser temperature range was altered from 5 to 25 ∘C to obtain activation curves for NaCl particles of different sizes. Critical water vapour supersaturations can be calculated using the 50 % cut point of these curves. Calibration results have also shown that CCN concentrations can be enriched by a factor of approx. 17, which is in agreement with the experimentally determined enrichment factor of the original VACES. The advantage of the redesigned VACES over conventional CCN counters (both static and continuous flow instruments) lies in the substantial enrichment of activated CCN, which facilitates further chemical analysis.

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Coarse particulate matter (PM2.5–10) in Los Angeles Basin air induces expression of inflammation and cancer biomarkers in rat brains

Cited by 58 publications

References 76 publications

Continuous Inhalation Exposure to Fungal Allergen Particulates Induces Lung Inflammation While Reducing Innate Immune Molecule Expression in the Brainstem

Continuous Inhalation Exposure to Fungal Allergen Particulates Induces Lung Inflammation While Reducing Innate Immune Molecule Expression in the Brainstem

A semi-continuous study on the toxicity of atmospheric particles using a versatile aerosol concentration enrichment system (VACES): development and field characterization

Versatile aerosol concentration enrichment system (VACES) operating as a cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrator: development and laboratory characterization

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