Coastal acid sulphate soils in Poland: a review

Hulisz, Piotr; Kwasowski, Wojciech; Pracz, J.; Malinowski, Ryszard

doi:10.1515/ssa-2017-0006

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…lita ska³a/continuous rock, lita warstwa technogeniczna/technic hard material), or in diagnostic horizons (e.g. ruda darniowa/ferric (Czerwiñski and Kaczorek 1996), fragipan/fragic (Szymañski et al 2011), zasolenie/salic, zakwaszenie siarczanowe/thionic (Hulisz 2007, Hulisz et al 2017), or in qualifiers (lamellic, ortsteinic, placic). SGP6 provides unique definitions for geomembrane and deep mixing (in situ), both applied to classify the techno-genic soils (table 2).…”

Section: Diagnostic Horizons Materials and Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polish Soil Classification, 6th edition – principles, classification scheme and correlations

Kabała

Charzyński

Chodorowski

et al. 2019

Soil Science Annual

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133

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The sixth edition of the Polish Soil Classification (SGP6) aims to maintain soil classification in Poland as a modern scientific system that reflects current scientific knowledge, understanding of soil functions and the practical requirements of society. SGP6 continues the tradition of previous editions elaborated upon by the Soil Science Society of Poland in consistent application of quantitatively characterized diagnostic horizons, properties and materials; however, clearly referring to soil genesis. The present need to involve and name the soils created or naturally developed under increasing human impact has led to modernization of the soil definition. Thus, in SGP6, soil is defined as the surface part of the lithosphere or the accumulation of mineral and organic materials permanently connected to the lithosphere (through buildings or permanent constructions), coming from weathering or accumulation processes, originated naturally or anthropogenically, subject to transformation under the influence of soil-forming factors, and able to supply living organisms with water and nutrients. SGP6 distinguishes three hierarchical categories: soil order (nine in total), soil type (basic classification unit; 30 in total) and soil subtype (183 units derived from 62 unique definitions; listed hierarchically, separately in each soil type), supplemented by three non-hierarchical categories: soil variety (additional pedogenic or lithogenic features), soil genus (lithology/parent material) and soil species (soil texture). Non-hierarchical units have universal definitions that allow their application in various orders/types, if all defined requirements are met. The paper explains the principles, classification scheme and rules of SGP6, including the key to soil orders and types, explaining the relationships between diagnostic horizons, materials and properties distinguished in SGP6 and in the recent edition of WRB system as well as discussing the correlation of classification units between SGP6, WRB and Soil Taxonomy.

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Section: Diagnostic Horizons Materials and Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polish Soil Classification, 6th edition – principles, classification scheme and correlations

Kabała

Charzyński

Chodorowski

et al. 2019

Soil Science Annual

Self Cite

133

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show abstract

“…As evidenced by Hulisz et al (2017), organic (peat and mud) and mineral-organic, carbonate-poor PASS predominate in Poland. There are dozens of PASS sites (ranging in size from a few to several dozen hectares) located along the Baltic Sea coast (Pracz, 1989;Kwasowski, 1999;Niedźwiecki et al, 2000Niedźwiecki et al, , 2002Hulisz, 2013), inland areas affected by saline spring waters (Czerwiński, 1996;Hulisz, 2007), and mining areas (Uzarowicz and Skiba, 2011;Uzarowicz, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of potential acid sulfate soils at the Reda River mouth (northern Poland) using pH measurements

Hulisz¹,

Michalski²,

Boman³

et al. 2020

Soil Sci. Ann.

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The defi nition of sulfi dic material (in Polish: materiał siarczkowy) was fi rst introduced in the 6th edition of the Polish Soil Classifi cation in 2019, but the methods of identifying potential acid sulfate soils (PASS) using pH measurements had not earlier been applied in Poland. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to compare two simple tests approved as international standards and recommended in the Polish Soil Classifi cation -incubation method and hydrogen peroxide tests -to identify PASS in three soil profi les in the Baltic coastal area (Reda River mouth, northern Poland). In the fi rst test, soil pH (1:1 soil-to-water suspension) was determined in newly taken soil samples and after incubation for 8 weeks at room temperature. Initial pH values varied from 5.5 to 7.0, and after 8 weeks of incubation dropped below pH 4 in two of the three soil profi les. In the second test, freshly collected samples, after initial pH measurement, were oxidised in 30% hydrogen peroxide. Application of this strong oxidising agent drastically decreased pH values to below 2.5 in all three soil profi les. The pH measurements both after incubation and after application of hydrogen peroxide allow for an unequivocal identifi cation of the sulfi dic material, thus confi rming the presence of PASS in the Reda River mouth area. Both tests based on pH measurements are easy to perform and low-cost, which implies their common application in PASS recognition. However, careful attention should be paid to some limitations of the hydrogen peroxide test -mainly, the possible overestimation of acidity in organic samples. This procedure should therefore be considered only as complementary. Because of the dominance of organic PASS materials in Polish soils, a modifi cation of the pH criterion for the sulfi dic material was proposed in accordance with the approach used in the Finnish-Swedish classifi cation.

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“…In this context, acid sulfate (AS) soils, which develop on sulfidic sediments on many low-lying coastal and some inland plains, ,,− are of particular interest. The sulfidic sediments are typically rich in OC and nutrients, and consequently, the subsoil layers of AS soils host large pools of these compounds, , in contrast to other mineral soils, whose OC/nutrient stocks are largely stored within the top layers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Storage and Distribution of Organic Carbon and Nutrients in Acidic Soils Developed on Sulfidic Sediments: The Roles of Reactive Iron and Macropores

Yu,

Luong,

Hefni

et al. 2024

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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In a boreal acidic sulfate-rich subsoil (pH 3–4) developing on sulfidic and organic-rich sediments over the past 70 years, extensive brownish-to-yellowish layers have formed on macropores. Our data reveal that these layers (“macropore surfaces”) are strongly enriched in 1 M HCl-extractable reactive iron (2–7% dry weight), largely bound to schwertmannite and 2-line ferrihydrite. These reactive iron phases trap large pools of labile organic matter (OM) and HCl-extractable phosphorus, possibly derived from the cultivated layer. Within soil aggregates, the OM is of a different nature from that on the macropore surfaces but similar to that in the underlying sulfidic sediments (C-horizon). This provides evidence that the sedimentary OM in the bulk subsoil has been largely preserved without significant decomposition and/or fractionation, likely due to physiochemical stabilization by the reactive iron phases that also existed abundantly within the aggregates. These findings not only highlight the important yet underappreciated roles of iron oxyhydroxysulfates in OM/nutrient storage and distribution in acidic sulfate-rich and other similar environments but also suggest that boreal acidic sulfate-rich subsoils and other similar soil systems (existing widely on coastal plains worldwide and being increasingly formed in thawing permafrost) may act as global sinks for OM and nutrients in the short run.

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Coastal acid sulphate soils in Poland: a review

Cited by 13 publications

References 16 publications

Polish Soil Classification, 6th edition – principles, classification scheme and correlations

Polish Soil Classification, 6th edition – principles, classification scheme and correlations

Identification of potential acid sulfate soils at the Reda River mouth (northern Poland) using pH measurements

Storage and Distribution of Organic Carbon and Nutrients in Acidic Soils Developed on Sulfidic Sediments: The Roles of Reactive Iron and Macropores

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