Coastal blue carbon in China as a nature-based solution toward carbon neutrality

Wang, Faming; Liu, Jihua; Qin, Guoming; Zhang, Jingfan; Zhou, Jinge; Wu, Jingtao; Zhang, Lulu; Thapa, Poonam; Sanders, Christian J.; Santos, Isaac R.; Li, Xiuzhen; Lin, Guanghui; Weng, Qihao; Tang, Jianwu; Jiao, Nianzhi; Ren, Hai

doi:10.1016/j.xinn.2023.100481

Cited by 16 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 175 publications

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“…Based on our NEE measurements, the carbon burial in the coastal wetland can reach up to 0.33 Tg C annually in China, assuming that the 33% of the net carbon uptake is buried in sediments (Alongi, 2009). Two previous studies reported that the total carbon burial of mangroves and salt marshes in China was about 0.05 and 0.50 Tg C year −1 , respectively (Wang et al., 2023). The burial rate remains uncertain, and future work is needed to reduce its uncertainty.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Carbon fluxes of China's coastal wetlands and impacts of reclamation and restoration

Lu,

Xiao,

Gao

et al. 2024

Global Change Biology

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Coastal wetlands play an important role in regulating atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations and contribute significantly to climate change mitigation. However, climate change, reclamation, and restoration have been causing substantial changes in coastal wetland areas and carbon exchange in China during recent decades. Here we compiled a carbon flux database consisting of 15 coastal wetland sites to assess the magnitude, patterns, and drivers of carbon fluxes and to compare fluxes among contrasting natural, disturbed, and restored wetlands. The natural coastal wetlands have the average net ecosystem exchange of CO2 (NEE) of −577 g C m−2 year−1, with −821 g C m−2 year−1 for mangrove forests and −430 g C m−2 year−1 for salt marshes. There are pronounced latitudinal patterns for carbon dioxide exchange of natural coastal wetlands: NEE increased whereas gross primary production (GPP) and respiration of ecosystem decreased with increasing latitude. Distinct environmental factors drive annual variations of GPP between mangroves and salt marshes; temperature was the dominant controlling factor in salt marshes, while temperature, precipitation, and solar radiation were co‐dominant in mangroves. Meanwhile, both anthropogenic reclamation and restoration had substantial effects on coastal wetland carbon fluxes, and the effect of the anthropogenic perturbation in mangroves was more extensive than that in salt marshes. Furthermore, from 1980 to 2020, anthropogenic reclamation of China's coastal wetlands caused a carbon loss of ~3720 Gg C, while the mangrove restoration project during the period of 2021–2025 may switch restored coastal wetlands from a carbon source to carbon sink with a net carbon gain of 73 Gg C. The comparison of carbon fluxes among these coastal wetlands can improve our understanding of how anthropogenic perturbation can affect the potentials of coastal blue carbon in China, which has implications for informing conservation and restoration strategies and efforts of coastal wetlands.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Carbon fluxes of China's coastal wetlands and impacts of reclamation and restoration

Lu,

Xiao,

Gao

et al. 2024

Global Change Biology

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“…Nutrient enrichment has been suggested in some regions to increase the deposition of phytoplankton and benthic microalgae, 15 as well as stimulate microbial respiration and mineralization of OM, 16 which reduced the ability of local mangrove communities to retain organic C. 17 But for nutrient-limited mangrove ecosystems, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) inputs are essential to promote sediment C inputs by stimulating plant growth. 18 Eutrophication not only changes the dynamics of organic C by affecting plant biomass and microbial processes, but also drives the marsh loss due to the reduction of geomorphic stability. 19 Other human disturbances, such as river damming, reservoir construction, and deforestation, can also alter the salinity and supply of sediment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human activity has increasingly affected recent carbon accumulation in Zhanjiang mangrove wetland, South China

Liu,

Bao,

Chen

et al. 2024

iScience

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“…Mangroves are among the most carbon (C)‐rich ecosystems on earth, providing immense ecological services for C storage (Adame et al., 2021; Macreadie et al., 2021; Wang et al., 2020). Along with salt marshes and seagrasses, these coastal wetlands were considered blue C ecosystems (BCEs), and play a crucial role in mitigating climate change (Bertram et al., 2021; Wang et al., 2023). Globally, there is a growing interest in BCEs as a natural climate solution for offsetting greenhouse gas emissions through preservation and restoration efforts (Donato et al., 2011; Macreadie et al., 2019; Sanders‐DeMott et al., 2022; Wang et al., 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blue carbon sink capacity of mangroves determined by leaves and their associated microbiome

Lu,

Qin,

Gan

et al. 2023

Global Change Biology

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Mangroves play a globally significant role in carbon capture and storage, known as blue carbon ecosystems. Yet, there are fundamental biogeochemical processes of mangrove blue carbon formation that are inadequately understood, such as the mechanisms by which mangrove afforestation regulates the microbial‐driven transfer of carbon from leaf to below‐ground blue carbon pool. In this study, we addressed this knowledge gap by investigating: (1) the mangrove leaf characteristics using state‐of‐the‐art FT‐ICR‐MS; (2) the microbial biomass and their transformation patterns of assimilated plant‐carbon; and (3) the degradation potentials of plant‐derived carbon in soils of an introduced (Sonneratia apetala) and a native mangrove (Kandelia obovata). We found that biogeochemical cycling took entirely different pathways for S. apetala and K. obovata. Blue carbon accumulation and the proportion of plant‐carbon for native mangroves were high, with microbes (dominated by K‐strategists) allocating the assimilated‐carbon to starch and sucrose metabolism. Conversely, microbes with S. apetala adopted an r‐strategy and increased protein‐ and nucleotide‐biosynthetic potentials. These divergent biogeochemical pathways were related to leaf characteristics, with S. apetala leaves characterized by lower molecular‐weight, C:N ratio, and lignin content than K. obovata. Moreover, anaerobic‐degradation potentials for lignin were high in old‐aged soils, but the overall degradation potentials of plant carbon were age‐independent, explaining that S. apetala age had no significant influences on the contribution of plant‐carbon to blue carbon. We propose that for introduced mangroves, newly fallen leaves release nutrient‐rich organic matter that favors growth of r‐strategists, which rapidly consume carbon to fuel growth, increasing the proportion of microbial‐carbon to blue carbon. In contrast, lignin‐rich native mangrove leaves shape K‐strategist‐dominated microbial communities, which grow slowly and store assimilated‐carbon in cells, ultimately promoting the contribution of plant‐carbon to the remarkable accumulation of blue carbon. Our study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of microbial community responses during reforestation in mangrove ecosystems.

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Coastal blue carbon in China as a nature-based solution toward carbon neutrality

Cited by 16 publications

References 175 publications

Carbon fluxes of China's coastal wetlands and impacts of reclamation and restoration

Carbon fluxes of China's coastal wetlands and impacts of reclamation and restoration

Human activity has increasingly affected recent carbon accumulation in Zhanjiang mangrove wetland, South China

Blue carbon sink capacity of mangroves determined by leaves and their associated microbiome

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