Coastal Hazards in the Sunda Strait: Mitigation Strategy and Coastal Management

Abstract

Sunda strait is one of the strategic waters in Indonesia situated at the Indonesian archipelagic sea lane passage. The water is also known as one of the national strategic regions as governed in the Presidential Decree of 32/2019 about marine spatial planning. The coasts of the region have been developed as industrial areas, marine tourism and associated facilities, fisheries, agriculture, mining, etc. Despite the huge economic potency, Sunda Strait has high coastal hazards due to volcanic and tectonic activities. The Krakatau volcanic eruption in 1883 generated a tsunami run-up to ∼35 m high causing catastrophic damage along the coasts of Banten and Lampung and more than 36.000 people were reported killed. More recently, the eruption and flank collapse of the Anak Krakatau volcano generated a tsunami in the Sunda Strait causing severe damage, extensive inundation, and more than 430 deaths. Likewise, the Sunda Strait has a high potency of tsunami impacts generated by the earthquake sourced from the subduction zone known as megathrust. These conditions must become a valued lesson learned to all of us to raise awareness and preparedness through mitigation-based disaster management. Thus, we can reduce the impacts of the disaster and the high investment for post-disaster rehabilitation and reconstruction.