Coastal Storms of the Eastern United States

Mather, John R.; Adams, Henry S.; Yoshioka, Gary

doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1964)003<0693:csoteu>2.0.co;2

Cited by 55 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Hosler and Gamage (1956) found no significant trend from 1905 to 1954 in U.S. storm frequency or track; however, they emphasized that the task of defining and tracking storms changed hands multiple times during the record. A different conclusion was reached by Mather et al (1964), who found the frequency of damaging storms based on dollar amounts rose from 2-3 per year in the 1920s and 1930s to more than 7 per year in the 1960s. They too noted limitations in their methods, citing the difficulty of using financial data to assess changes in the physical climate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Variability of Winter Storminess in the Eastern United States during the Twentieth Century from Tide Gauges

et al. 2013

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Interannual to multidecadal variability of winter storminess in the eastern United States was studied using water level measurements from coastal tide gauges. The proximity to the coast of the primary winter storm track in the region allows the use of tide gauges to study temporal modulations in the frequency of these storms. Storms were identified in high-passed, detided sea level anomalies in 20 gauges from all coasts of North America to assess variability in winter storminess along particular storm tracks. The primary result is a significant multidecadal increase in the number of storms affecting the southeastern United States from the early to late twentieth century. The authors propose that this change is due to an increased tendency for the jet stream to meander south over the eastern United States since the 1950s. This mechanism is supported by longterm changes in the large-scale sea level pressure pattern over North America. The nature of the multidecadal change in storm frequency is unclear, because limited tide gauge record lengths prevent distinguishing between a trend and an oscillation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Variability of Winter Storminess in the Eastern United States during the Twentieth Century from Tide Gauges

et al. 2013

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“…Each step is described briefly below. In much the same way that Mather et al [1964] classified storms affecting the coastal southeast United States into eight types, storms in this study were typed on the basis of the predominant surface winds, frontal passages, and overall synoptic weather situation as determined from daily weather maps published in the New York Times. Here, six storm types were identified and designated low east (LE), low west (LW), cold front (CF), stationary front (SF), air mass showers (AM), and tropical storms (TS).…”

Section: Storm Typingmentioning

confidence: 99%

An investigation into the effect of storm type on precipitation in a small mountain watershed

March¹,

Wallace²,

Swift³

1979

Water Resources Research

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A set of regression equations relating storm rainfall depth to watershed topography and storm type was derived for the high-density precipitation network at Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory. The most general equation predicted storm amounts for an independent test group of gages with an average error of 0.38 cm (0.15 inches). The dependent variable was the ratio of the rainfall at each gage site to the rainfall at a base gage. Predictive variables were topographic slope, aspect, ground elevation at the gage site, and smoothed elevation. The smoothed elevation, which is the elevation the gage would assume if it were on a smooth plane representing the general topography of the terrain, appeared in more equations than any other variable. One equation was calculated for each of six identified storm types, and one equation was calculated with all storms considered together. Overall, the equations which considered storm type were not better predictors of site rainfall than the equation which did not consider storm type. Predictions of storm amounts were closest to measured amounts for storms where the low-pressure center passed east of Coweeta, while the predictions for the air-mass or thunderstorm type had the greatest errors. The prediction errors of the equations for warm-, cold-, and stationary-front storm types were intermediate. The small number of tropical storms limited development and testing of equations for that type.INTRODUCTION Point values of precipitation in mountainous terrain have great spatial variability due to orographic effects. Much of the early research into the effects of orography on precipitation considered annual rainfall and the importance of elevation on the quantity of annual rainfall [Lee, 1911;Henry, 1919;Barrows, 1933;Price and Evans, 1937]. Later investigators looked at seasonal aspects of orographic rainfall and the influence of other physiographic variables on rainfall in the mountains [Donley and Mitchell, \939;Spreen, \941\Burns, 1953], and the importance of synoptic weather type on determining orographic effects [Williams and Peck, 1962]. Today, research into orographic rainfall includes physical modeling [Struzer, 1972;Collier, 1975; Cotton, 1976], statistical modeling, and observation of the distribution of storm rainfall in mountainous terrain [Mervaetal., 1976;Storebo, 1976;Browning et al, 1975].Dense raingage networks, needed to obtain a representative measure of the areal rainfall distribution in mountainous terrain, are expensive to install and maintain. To estimate rainfall at any point on a watershed given only a single measurement site, we propose to use a rainfall ratio (rainfall at any site on a watershed divided by rainfall at a base measurement station). In application, the ratio would be multiplied by the base station rainfall to obtain a point estimate of rainfall. The primary objective of the study was to develop a method of estimating mean rainfall ratios from independent variables describing the physiography of the ungaged sites. Multiple linear regression techniq...

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“…Studies characterizing storms have focused on the atmosphere, sea surface, or onshore, classifying events based on origin and track and benchmarking them by wind speed, central pressure, wave height, or coastal damage (e.g., Davis et al, 1993;Dolan and Davis, 1992;Hart and Grumm, 2001;Keim et al, 2004;Mather et al, 1964;Simpson, 1974;Zielinski, 2002). For example, Davis et al (1993) considered storms impacting Cape Hatteras and found that "Bahamas lows" and "Florida lows", two types of storms which originate to the south/southeast of Florida and slowly move north, are the strongest of the extratropical storms when assessed by wave height and wave power, a measure including both total wave energy and storm duration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of storms driving wave-induced seafloor mobility on the U.S. East Coast continental shelf

Dalyander

Butman

2015

Continental Shelf Research

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a b s t r a c tThis study investigates the relationship between spatial and temporal patterns of wave-driven sediment mobility events on the U.S. East Coast continental shelf and the characteristics of the storms responsible for them. Mobility events, defined as seafloor wave stress exceedance of the critical stress of 0.35 mm diameter sand (0.2160 Pa) for 12 or more hours, were identified from surface wave observations at National Data Buoy Center buoys in the Middle Atlantic Bight (MAB) and South Atlantic Bight (SAB) over the period of 1997-2007. In water depths ranging from 36-48 m, there were 4-9 mobility events/year of 1-2 days duration. Integrated wave stress during events (IWAVES) was used as a combined metric of wave-driven mobility intensity and duration. In the MAB, over 67% of IWAVES was caused by extratropical storms, while in the SAB, greater than 66% of IWAVES was caused by tropical storms. On average, mobility events were caused by waves generated by storms located 800þ km away. Far-field hurricanes generated swell 2-4 days before the waves caused mobility on the shelf. Throughout most of the SAB, mobility events were driven by storms to the south, east, and west. In the MAB and near Cape Hatteras, winds from more northerly storms and low-pressure extratropical systems in the mid-western U.S. also drove mobility events. Waves generated by storms off the SAB generated mobility events along the entire U.S. East Coast shelf north to Cape Cod, while Cape Hatteras shielded the SAB area from swell originating to the north offshore of the MAB.Published by Elsevier Ltd.

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Coastal Storms of the Eastern United States

Cited by 55 publications

References 6 publications

Variability of Winter Storminess in the Eastern United States during the Twentieth Century from Tide Gauges

Variability of Winter Storminess in the Eastern United States during the Twentieth Century from Tide Gauges

An investigation into the effect of storm type on precipitation in a small mountain watershed

Characteristics of storms driving wave-induced seafloor mobility on the U.S. East Coast continental shelf

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