Coastal upwelling linked to toxic Pseudo-nitzschia australis blooms in Los Angeles coastal waters, 2005–2007

Schnetzer, Astrid; Jones, Burton H.; Schaffner, Rebecca A.; Cetinić, Ivona; Fitzpatrick, Elizabeth; Miller, Peter E.; Seubert, Erica L.; Caron, David A.

doi:10.1093/plankt/fbt051

Cited by 55 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…S4C). The average domoic acid concentration was 1.34 μg l −1 by 120 h, and although this concentration is lower than peak concentrations observed during blooms in California coastal waters (Schnetzer et al ., ), it nevertheless supports that Pseudo‐nitzschia spp. were abundant within the incubations by 120 h. This presence of Pseudo‐nitzschia is unsurprising considering the reports that members of this genus often dominate subsurface chlorophyll maxima (Ryan et al ., ), thin layers (Rines et al ., ; McManus et al ., ) and upwelled communities (Seegers et al ., ) that often result in harmful algal blooms in this region.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Divergent gene expression among phytoplankton taxa in response to upwelling

Lampe

Cohen

Ellis

et al. 2018

Environmental Microbiology

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Frequent blooms of phytoplankton occur in coastal upwelling zones creating hotspots of biological productivity in the ocean. As cold, nutrient-rich water is brought up to sunlit layers from depth, phytoplankton are also transported upwards to seed surface blooms that are often dominated by diatoms. The physiological response of phytoplankton to this process, commonly referred to as shift-up, is characterized by increases in nitrate assimilation and rapid growth rates. To examine the molecular underpinnings behind this phenomenon, metatranscriptomics was applied to a simulated upwelling experiment using natural phytoplankton communities from the California Upwelling Zone. An increase in diatom growth following 5 days of incubation was attributed to the genera Chaetoceros and Pseudo-nitzschia. Here, we show that certain bloom-forming diatoms exhibit a distinct transcriptional response that coordinates shift-up where diatoms exhibited the greatest transcriptional change following upwelling; however, comparison of co-expressed genes exposed overrepresentation of distinct sets within each of the dominant phytoplankton groups. The analysis revealed that diatoms frontload genes involved in nitrogen assimilation likely in order to outcompete other groups for available nitrogen during upwelling events. We speculate that the evolutionary success of diatoms may be due, in part, to this proactive response to frequently encountered changes in their environment.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Divergent gene expression among phytoplankton taxa in response to upwelling

Lampe

Cohen

Ellis

et al. 2018

Environmental Microbiology

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“…The deployment period was selected in order to maximize the likelihood that both coastal and offshore processes would be captured in the dataset (Hayward and Venrick, 1998;Di Lorenzo, 2003;Mantyla et al, 2008;Schnetzer et al, 2013). The glider was deployed on a 28 km crosschannel path between Catalina Island and the Palos Verdes Peninsula (Figure 1) and completed a single cross-channel pass 80 every 1.5-2 days (average speed 1 km hr -1 ).…”

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confidence: 99%

Contextualizing time-series data: Quantification of short-term regional variability in the San Pedro Channel using high-resolution in situ glider data

Teel¹,

Liu²,

Seegers³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Oceanic time-series have been instrumental in providing an understanding of biological, physical, and chemical dynamics in the oceans and how these processes change over time. However, the extrapolation of these results to larger oceanographic regions requires an understanding and characterization of local versus regional drivers of variability. Here we use highfrequency spatial and temporal glider data to quantify variability at the coastal San Pedro Ocean Time-series (SPOT) site in 20 the San Pedro Channel (SPC) and provide insight into the underlying oceanographic dynamics for the site. The dataset was dominated by four water column profile types: active upwelling, offshore influence, subsurface chlorophyll maximum, and surface bloom. On average, waters across the SPC were most similar to offshore profiles. On weekly timescales, the SPOT station was on average representative of 64% of profiles taken within the SPC, and SPOT was least similar to SPC locations that were closest to the Palos Verdes Peninsula. Subsurface chlorophyll maxima with co-located chlorophyll and particle 25 maxima were common in 2013 and 2014 suggesting that these subsurface chlorophyll maxima might contribute significantly to the local primary production. These results indicate that high-resolution in situ glider deployments can be used to determine the spatial domain of time-series data, allowing for broader application of these datasets and greater integration into modeling efforts.

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“…Moreover, Pseudo‐nitzschia blooms can originate offshore as subsurface populations and become entrained into nearshore surface waters via upwelling events (Schnetzer et al . ) or shoaling of internal tides (Noble et al . ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…blooms can originate offshore as subsurface populations and become entrained into nearshore surface waters via upwelling events (Schnetzer et al 2013) or shoaling of internal tides (Noble et al 2009). Given that cellular toxicity is influenced by numerous environmental factors, and can change depending on fluctuations in population growth status (Trainer et al 2012), whales could be exposed to aggregations of subsurface Pseudo-nitzschia cells with a higher DA content than the cells being ingested by shellfish.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Southern right whale (Eubalaena australis) calf mortality at Península Valdés, Argentina: Are harmful algal blooms to blame?

Wilson

Sastre

Hoffmeyer

et al. 2015

Marine Mammal Science

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Península Valdés (PV) in Argentina is an important calving ground for southern right whales (SRWs, Eubalaena australis). Since 2005, right whale mortality has increased at PV, with most of the deaths (~90%) being calves <3 mo old. We investigated the potential involvement of harmful algal blooms (HABs) in these deaths by examining data that include: timing of the SRW deaths, biotoxins in samples from dead SRWs, abundances of the diatom, Pseudo‐nitzschia spp., and the dinoflagellate, Alexandrium tamarense, shellfish harvesting closure dates, seasonal availability of whale prey at PV and satellite chlorophyll data. Evidence of the whales' exposure to HAB toxins includes trace levels of paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) and domoic acid (DA) in tissues of some dead whales, and fragments of Pseudo‐nitzschia spp. frustules in whale feces. Additionally, whales are present at PV during both closures of the shellfish industry (due to high levels of PSTs) and periods with high levels of Pseudo‐nitzschia spp. and A. tamarense. There is a positive statistical relationship between monthly Pseudo‐nitzschia densities (but not A. tamarense) and calf deaths in both gulfs of PV.

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Coastal upwelling linked to toxic Pseudo-nitzschia australis blooms in Los Angeles coastal waters, 2005–2007

Cited by 55 publications

References 45 publications

Divergent gene expression among phytoplankton taxa in response to upwelling

Divergent gene expression among phytoplankton taxa in response to upwelling

Contextualizing time-series data: Quantification of short-term regional variability in the San Pedro Channel using high-resolution in situ glider data

Southern right whale (Eubalaena australis) calf mortality at Península Valdés, Argentina: Are harmful algal blooms to blame?

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