Coasts of Foxe Basin, Arctic Canada

Martini, Ivan; Morrison, R. I. G.

doi:10.1144/sp388.14

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…ern Baffin Island also includes high segregated ice abundance where shallow (< 2 m) thaw lakes and drained lake basins are widespread on the Great Plain of the Koukdjuak (Martini and Morrison, 2014).…”

Section: Segregated Icementioning

confidence: 99%

New ground ice maps for Canada using a paleogeographic modelling approach

2019

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Abstract. Ground ice melt caused by climate-induced permafrost degradation may trigger significant ecological change, damage infrastructure, and alter biogeochemical cycles. The fundamental ground ice mapping for Canada is now >20 years old and does not include significant new insights gained from recent field- and remote-sensing-based studies. New modelling incorporating paleogeography is presented in this paper to depict the distribution of three ground ice types (relict ice, segregated ice, and wedge ice) in northern Canada. The modelling uses an expert-system approach in a geographic information system (GIS), founded in conceptual principles gained from empirically based research, to predict ground ice abundance in near-surface permafrost. Datasets of surficial geology, deglaciation, paleovegetation, glacial lake and marine limits, and modern permafrost distribution allow representations in the models of paleoclimatic shifts, tree line migration, marine and glacial lake inundation, and terrestrial emergence, and their effect on ground ice abundance. The model outputs are generally consistent with field observations, indicating abundant relict ice in the western Arctic, where it has remained preserved since deglaciation in thick glacigenic sediments in continuous permafrost. Segregated ice is widely distributed in fine-grained deposits, occurring in the highest abundance in glacial lake and marine sediments. The modelled abundance of wedge ice largely reflects the exposure time of terrain to low air temperatures in tundra environments following deglaciation or marine/glacial lake inundation and is thus highest in the western Arctic. Holocene environmental changes result in reduced ice abundance where the tree line advanced during warmer periods. Published observations of thaw slumps and massive ice exposures, segregated ice and associated landforms, and ice wedges allow a favourable preliminary assessment of the models, and the results are generally comparable with the previous ground ice mapping for Canada. However, the model outputs are more spatially explicit and better reflect observed ground ice conditions in many regions. Synthetic modelling products that incorporated the previous ground ice information may therefore include inaccuracies. The presented modelling approach is a significant advance in permafrost mapping, but additional field observations and volumetric ice estimates from more areas in Canada are required to improve calibration and validation of small-scale ground ice modelling. The ground ice maps from this paper are available in the supplement in GeoTIFF format.

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Section: Segregated Icementioning

confidence: 99%

New ground ice maps for Canada using a paleogeographic modelling approach

2019

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“…3). The modelled abundance better represents field conditions, as only small insipient ice wedges occur on the plain (Martini and Morrison, 2014). In the northern Mackenzie Valley and Mackenzie Delta regions, modelled wedge ice abundance is lower than indicated on the PMC due to the modelled decrease of wedge ice across the tundra-forest transition (Fig.…”

Section: Wedge Icementioning

confidence: 87%

“…High abundance is also modelled around Umiujaq on eastern Hudson Bay, where both palsas and lithalsas are common (Allard and Seguin, 1987;Calmels et al, 2008b). Southwestern Baffin Island also includes high segregated ice abundance where shallow (< 2 m) thaw lakes and drained lake basins are widespread on the Great Plain of the Koukdjuak (Martini and Morrison, 2014).…”

Section: Segregated Icementioning

confidence: 89%

“…CC BY 4.0 License. the region was also marine inundated, and the shallow depths and consistent shape of the lake basins there indicate thaw of uniformly distributed segregated ice restricted to upper sediments rather than of thicker massive ice bodies (Martini and Morrison, 2014). In the Peel Plateau region, areas of high and medium modelled massive ice abundance occur where widespread exposures have been observed directly and mapped using remotely-sensed imagery (Kokelj et al, 2015;Lacelle et al, 2015).…”

Section: Massive Icementioning

confidence: 91%

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New ground ice maps for Canada using a paleogeographic modelling approach

O'Neill¹,

Wolfe²,

Duchesne³

2018

Preprint

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Abstract. Ground ice melt caused by climate-induced permafrost degradation may trigger significant ecological change, damage infrastructure, and alter biogeochemical cycles. The fundamental ground ice mapping for Canada is now > 20 years old, and does not include significant new insights gained from recent field and remote sensing based studies. New modelling incorporating paleogeography is presented in this paper to depict the distribution of three ground ice types (massive ice and icy sediments, segregated ice, and wedge ice) in northern Canada. The modelling uses an expert-system approach in a geographic information system (GIS), founded in conceptual principles gained from empirically-based research, to predict ground ice abundance in near-surface permafrost. Datasets of surficial geology, deglaciation, paleovegetation, glacial lake and marine limits, and modern permafrost distribution allow representations in the models of paleoclimatic shifts, tree line migration, marine and glacial lake inundation, and terrestrial emergence, and their effect on ground ice abundance. The model outputs are generally consistent with field observations, indicating abundant relict massive ice and icy sediments in the western Arctic, where it has remained preserved since deglaciation in thick glacigenic sediments in continuous permafrost. Segregated ice is widely distributed in fine-grained deposits, occurring in highest abundance in glacial lake and marine sediments. The modelled abundance of wedge ice largely reflects the exposure time of terrain to low air temperatures in tundra environments following deglaciation or marine/glacial lake inundation, and is thus highest in the western Arctic. Holocene environmental changes result in reduced ice abundance where tree line advanced during warmer periods. Published observations of thaw slumps and ice exposures, segregated ice and associated landforms, and ice wedges allow a favourable preliminary assessment of the models, and the results are generally comparable with the previous ground ice mapping for Canada. However, the model outputs are more spatially explicit and better reflect observed ground ice conditions in some regions. Synthetic modelling products that incorporated the previous ground ice information may therefore include inaccuracies. The presented modelling approach is a significant advance in permafrost mapping, but additional field observations and volumetric ice estimates from more areas in Canada are required to improve calibration and validation of small-scale ground ice modelling.

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“…A series of ice wedges and related patterned grounds and mud boils form in gently sloping, fine-grained sandy or muddy plains backing the salt marshes. Locally in the lower arctic coastal plains a series of characteristic thermokarst lakes form (Carson & Hussey 1962;Martini & Morrison 2014). No significant bioturbation occurs in these marshes except for grassy plant roots and rhizomes, and some effect of meiofauna including insect larvae.…”

Section: Arctic Marshesmentioning

confidence: 99%

General considerations and highlights of low-lying coastal zones: passive continental margins from the poles to the tropics

Martini

2014

Self Cite

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This Special Publication presents 23 papers that examine comparable, predominantly siliciclastic coastal zones of low-lying passive trailing-continental margins (primarily east Americas) from polar areas to the equator. The objective is to establish similarities and major differences among them. This introductory paper outlines major contributions of the various papers, but will also highlight coastal differences and briefly add information not fully treated by others. This is done in three parts: (a) some basic concepts are stressed, such as the importance of 'coastal zone' (total landscape) in the north-south comparison and the variable climates; (b) a review is made of the component materials of the coasts, such as difference in sediments owing to source rocks, weathering and geological history (glaciations), and in flora and fauna such as burrowing organisms; and (c) a few classical examples are reported from warm zones, such as Galveston Island and the Sapelo Island marshes, but the focus is on less well-known environments of cold areas -those most impacted by climate change. Each component of the coastal zone can develop diagnostic characteristics, but the entire assemblage of sedimentary and biological features is what uniquely defines present environments and allows identification of ancient coastal zones.

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Coasts of Foxe Basin, Arctic Canada

Cited by 4 publications

References 44 publications

New ground ice maps for Canada using a paleogeographic modelling approach

New ground ice maps for Canada using a paleogeographic modelling approach

New ground ice maps for Canada using a paleogeographic modelling approach

General considerations and highlights of low-lying coastal zones: passive continental margins from the poles to the tropics

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