Coatings

Abstract

Various aspects of coatings are covered: ( 1 ) film formation from solutions of thermoplastic polymers, thermosetting coatings, and latex coatings; ( 2 ) flow of resin solutions and of dispersed phase systems; ( 3 ) mechanical properties of coatings are discussed with emphasis on understanding the basic principles involved in formability, flexibility, and abrasion and mar resistance of films; ( 4 ) exterior durability, adhesion, and corrosion protection by coatings; ( 5 ) the chemistry and properties of the polymers and cross‐linkers used in binders; ( 6 ) solvent characteristics and volatile organic compound emissions; ( 7 ) color and gloss of films, pigment dispersion, and pigment volume relationships; and ( 8 ) the causes and possible remedies for film defects. Two hundred fifty‐seven references are provided.

Kinetically Limited Bulk Polymerization of Polymer Thin Films by Initiated Chemical Vapor Deposition

“…To fabricate thin-film polymers, a common method is to dissolve the bulk polymer into a liquid solvent and then apply the polymer solution onto the surface, for example, by dip-casting or spin-coating. The solvent is subsequently evaporated, and the dried polymer may be heated further to promote annealing and film forming. , However, solvent-based methods suffer from drawbacks such as uneven film coating, solvent incompatibility with the underlying substrate, difficulties in coating intricate three-dimensional substrates, solvent toxicity, and residual solvent that negatively impacts polymer properties. In contrast, solvent-free methods, which in particular initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD), have been demonstrated to deposit thin polymer films while sidestepping the drawbacks of conventional solvent-based techniques. − The lack of a solvent allows pristine polymer films free of solvent residue to form, mitigates material damage from liquid surface tension forces, and enables monomer functional groups to be preserved, leading to more robust polymer properties. − The solvent-free process also leads to the deposition of highly conformal (matching surface topology) and uniform (even thickness throughout) polymer thin films onto both planar and nonplanar surfaces.…”

“…The solvent is subsequently evaporated, and the dried polymer may be heated further to promote annealing and film forming. 5 , 6 However, solvent-based methods suffer from drawbacks such as uneven film coating, solvent incompatibility with the underlying substrate, difficulties in coating intricate three-dimensional substrates, solvent toxicity, and residual solvent that negatively impacts polymer properties. In contrast, solvent-free methods, which in particular initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD), have been demonstrated to deposit thin polymer films while sidestepping the drawbacks of conventional solvent-based techniques.…”

Synthesis and photocrosslinking of disulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) copolymers for potential reverse osmosis membrane materials

“…Therefore, the rate of solvent evaporation becomes dependent on the solvent's diffusion rate to the surface. 7 If a film is formed at temperatures below the T g of the neat polymer it will harden to form a solid polymer layer, but the film retains considerable amounts of solvent which requires further processing steps for full removal. 7 Waterborne UV curable resins offer some advantages over conventional formulations including reduced toxic volatiles content, 7,8 and therefore they are widely considered environmentally friendly alternatives to their solvent-based counterparts.…”