Coatings tribology—contact mechanisms and surface design

Holmberg, Kenneth; Matthews, A.; Ronkainen, Helena

doi:10.1016/s0301-679x(98)00013-9

Cited by 422 publications

(237 citation statements)

References 106 publications

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“…The improved toughness of such coatings is furthermore due to the nano-scale shearing of the hard layers on the softer (inter-)layers, preventing the build-up of high-bending stresses [13][14][15]. Such a material combination can simultaneously increase hardness and reduce the intrinsic growth stresses, which results in markedly improved wear resistance [16,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tribology and Micromechanics of Chromium Nitride Based Multilayer Coatings on Soft and Hard Substrates

et al. 2014

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Abstract:The tribological protection of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composites (CFC) is essential for broadening their use from structural to functional applications, e.g., to linear bearings in mechanical engineering. However, their wear resistance in sliding and rolling contacts is low. This work focusses on the possibility of improving their tribological properties by the application of thin hard multi-layered coatings. Chromium nitride (CrN) single layer and chromium-CrN multilayer coatings of ~4 µm thickness, partly finished with a 1 µm diamond-like carbon (DLC) top layer, were deposited by magnetron sputtering at low temperatures on soft CFC and for comparison of the mechanical behavior on comparatively hard austenitic steel substrates. Structural investigations showed especially that the multilayer coatings possess a very fine grained, columnar microstructure and a very low density of intercolumnar micro-cracks, while the single layer coatings possess a coarse structure. The indentation testing and the analysis of the deformed and fractured cross-sections revealed a tougher behavior with improved plastic deformability of the multilayers in comparison to CrN single layers. However, in wear testing only coatings with DLC top layers significantly improved the tribological material properties of CFC. This is due to the reduced shear forces in sliding on low-friction DLC coatings on the soft OPEN ACCESSCoatings 2014, 4 122 epoxy-based CFC, decreasing the total dynamic stresses during sliding under high loads.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tribology and Micromechanics of Chromium Nitride Based Multilayer Coatings on Soft and Hard Substrates

et al. 2014

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“…In addition to hardness, YoungÕs modulus, fracture toughness, the coatingsÕ porosity, cohesive strength, the content of oxides, and other microstructural defects also play their role (Ref 1,2). While the mechanisms of formation of such coatings have been investigated in depth, detailed information on mechanical properties still remains difficult to obtain because of coatingsÕ heterogeneity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Instrumented Indentation Study of HVOF-Sprayed Hardmetal Coatings

et al. 2011

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Elastic-plastic properties, namely, hardness and YoungÕs modulus, of four HVOF-sprayed hardmetal coatings were measured by instrumented indentation using Oliver-Pharr method Nanoindenter XP MTS with a continuous stiffness measurement (CSM) module. The results show that with sufficient number of CSM measurements, one can distinguish between indents made in the hard particles and indents made in the binder material. This can be accomplished by analyzing the plots of hardness and YoungÕs modulus versus load (or versus indentation depth). Further development of the dependence curves enables the load (or indentation depth) to be set to correspond to the point of transition from a single structure component to the composite material and to determine the properties of both. Comparison of results of CSM measurement with the results of single indentation measurement at a defined load reveals a new perspective on the origin of the indentation size effect in hardmetal coatings. The measurements show that the increase in both the hardness and YoungÕs modulus with decreasing load is caused mainly by the predominant influence of hard particles in the coatings.

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“…In recent years, multilayer coatings have also been developed in an effort to tailor the properties of thin individual layers specifically to the application in mind [11]. For example, the use of CrN and VN based multilayers has led to "super-hard" surface coatings which, whilst very effective at resisting surface abrasion, can also adapt their surface properties under certain tribological conditions to yield desirable friction behaviour [12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High temperature tribological performance of CrAlYN/CrN nanoscale multilayer coatings deposited on γ-TiAl

Walker

Ross

Reinhard

et al. 2009

Wear

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Nanoscale multilayer nitride coatings deposited by advanced PVD techniques have shown particular promise in improving the tribological properties of a number of modal alloy steels [1]. In this study, we report the effect of temperature on the friction and wear behaviour of a CrAlYN/CrN multilayer coating with a CrAlYON/CrON topcoat deposited on γ-TiAl. Deposition was performed by unbalanced magnetron sputtering following a high power impulse magnetron sputtering (HIPIMS) pre-treatment of the polished substrate. A series of pin-on-disc type experiments, sliding against a polycrystalline alumina counterpart, were carried out at four temperatures: 20ºC, 120ºC, 300ºC and 650ºC. An increase in the average steady-state dynamic friction coefficient was observed between the material couple, from 0.56 at room temperature to 0.65 at 120ºC. However at higher test temperatures of 300ºC and 650ºC a decrease in these values was observed to 0.59 and 0.40, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis showed evidence of oxidation at the worn surface of all test temperatures investigated, whilst laser confocal microscopy indicated the formation of an interactive tribo-layer above the plane of the original test surface. Focused ion beam sectioning has been used to prepare site specific samples of the tribo-layers for transmission electron microscopy. The evolution of the wear scar composition and structure and its influence on the reduction in dynamic friction coefficient at elevated temperatures is discussed.

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Coatings tribology—contact mechanisms and surface design

Cited by 422 publications

References 106 publications

Tribology and Micromechanics of Chromium Nitride Based Multilayer Coatings on Soft and Hard Substrates

Tribology and Micromechanics of Chromium Nitride Based Multilayer Coatings on Soft and Hard Substrates

The Instrumented Indentation Study of HVOF-Sprayed Hardmetal Coatings

High temperature tribological performance of CrAlYN/CrN nanoscale multilayer coatings deposited on γ-TiAl

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