Coaxial PCL/PVA electrospun nanofibers: osseointegration enhancer and controlled drug release device

Abstract

The failure of prosthesis after total joint replacement is mainly due to dysfunctional osseointegration and implant infection. There is a critical need for orthopedic implants that promote rapid osseointegration and prevent bacterial colonization, particularly when placed in bone compromised by disease or physiology of the patients. The aim of this study was to fabricate a novel coaxial electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) core-sheath nanofiber (NF) blended with both hydroxyapatite nanorods (HA) and type I collagen (Col) (PCL(Col)/PVA(HA)). Doxycycline (Doxy) and dexamethasone (Dex) were successfully incorporated into the PCL(Col)/PVA(HA) NFs for controlled release. The morphology, surface hydrophilicity and mechanical properties of the PCL/PVA NF mats were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, water contact angle and atomic force microscopy. The PCL(Col)/PVA(HA) NFs are biocompatible and enhance the adhesion and proliferation of murine pre-osteoblastic MC3T3 cells. The release of Doxy and Dex from coaxial PCL(Col)/PVA(HA) NFs showed more controlled release compared with the blended NFs. Using an ex vivo porcine bone implantation model we found that the PCL(Col)/PVA(HA) NFs bind firmly on the titanium rod surface and the NFs coating remained intact on the surface of titanium rods after pullout. No disruption or delamination was observed after the pullout test. These findings indicate that PCL(Col)/PVA(HA) NFs encapsulating drugs have great potential in enhancing implant osseointegration and preventing implant infection.

An insight on electrospun-nanofibers-inspired modern drug delivery system in the treatment of deadly cancers

“…Moreover, in co-axial spinning the preferred carrier and drug will come in contact only at the point of synthesising nanofiber. It significantly avoids undesired reaction reported to occur between polymer and biomolecules prior to electrospinning [56][57][58]. Later, this core-shell structure was reported to generate using single nozzle electrospinning unit using emulsion input, popularly called as emulsion spinning.…”

Nanofibers Used for the Delivery of Analgesics

“…The drug release characteristic can easily be tailored by modulating the composition of the nanofiber mats, the morphology of nanofibers, the process and the structure. Core-shell (sheath) structure is a useful structure for various types of applications [24,101,[147][148][149]. The combined use of various polymers with different degradation rates can also achieve sequential releases of analgesics [150].…”

Release and antimicrobial activity of levofloxacin from composite mats of poly(ɛ-caprolactone) and mesoporous silica nanoparticles fabricated by core–shell electrospinning

“…Core-shell structure of the nanofibres slowed the initial release to 45 % in the first day. The mitigation of burst release of a drug from coreshell structured nanofibres has been widely reported in the literature [17,27,43,44]. For example, Park et al [43] fabricated core-shell nanofibres and found that they considerably reduced the burst release of LVF compared to single-component nanofibres.…”

“…The burst release could be caused by various reasons such as the presence of the drug on the surface of nanofibres, the degradation rate of the polymer used and the small size of the nanofibres [9][10][11][12][13][14]. One approach used to prolong drug release is to fabricate core-shell nanofibres via core-shell electrospinning with the drug loaded into the core structure [13,[15][16][17]. This prolonged release profile may be due to the drug molecules being trapped in the core section of the fibres [18,19].…”