“…Keto-acid, derived from the degradation of carbohydrates, 43,44 can be converted to value-added lactams and valerolactone, which has huge application in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, pesticides and materials, green solvents, fuel additives, etc . 45–49 Besides, lignin-based phenolic monomers, such as syringaldehyde, vanillin and sinapyl alcohol, are important aromatic resource to produce fine chemicals. 50–52…”