Understanding catalyst function to improve activity for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is key to increasing the overall efficiency of electrochemical water splitting, a promising method for sustainable and clean production of hydrogen. Using a straightforward and scalable sol-gel synthesis, we explore the effects of metal composition in Co x Ti 1-x O y on electrochemical activity, atomic structure, and electronic state. Physical and electronic characterization reveal that increased amounts of Ti stabilize the 2+ oxidation state of the Co precursor and lead to formation of less active CoO-like catalysts. Conversely, films with Co:Ti ratios of 1:1 or greater result in catalysts with high activity, correlating with greater Co 3+ character, as measured by ex situ XAS for samples as-prepared and after exposure to OER conditions. Additionally,