Cobalt-doped CaO catalyst synthesized and applied for algal biodiesel production

Das, V. G. Kumar; Tripathi, Abhishek Mani; Borah, Manash Jyoti; Dunford, Nurhan Turgut; Deka, Dhanapati

doi:10.1016/j.renene.2020.07.040

Cited by 69 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Further, it remains highly stable for longer times during industrial biodiesel production. Das et al [ 66 ] produced biodiesel using a cobalt-doped CaO catalyst using Scenedesmus quadricauda algae oil . CaO was extracted from eggshells and calcined at 400 °C, 700 °C, and 900° C. The cobalt-doped CaO was prepared using the co-precipitation method.…”

Section: Catalysis In Transesterificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiesel Production Using Homogeneous, Heterogeneous, and Enzyme Catalysts via Transesterification and Esterification Reactions: a Critical Review

2021

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The excessive utilization of petroleum resources leads to global warming, crude oil price fluctuations, and the fast depletion of petroleum reserves. Biodiesel has gained importance over the last few years as a clean, sustainable, and renewable energy source. This review provides knowledge of biodiesel production via transesterification/esterification using different catalysts, their prospects, and their challenges. The intensive research on homogeneous chemical catalysts points to the challenges in using high free fatty acids containing oils, such as waste cooking oils and animal fats. The problems faced are soap formation and the difficulty in product separation. On the other hand, heterogeneous catalysts are more preferable in biodiesel synthesis due to their ease of separation and reusability. However, in-depth studies show the limited activity and selectivity issues. Using biomass waste-based catalysts can reduce the biodiesel production cost as the materials are readily available and cheap. The use of an enzymatic approach has gained precedence in recent times. Additionally, immobilization of these enzymes has also improved the statistics because of their excellent functional properties like easy separation and reusability. However, free/liquid lipases are also growing faster due to better mass transfer with reactants. Biocatalysts are exceptional in good selectivity and mild operational conditions, but attractive features are veiled with the operational costs. Nanocatalysts play a vital role in heterogeneous catalysis and lipase immobilization due to their excellent selectivity, reactivity, faster reaction rates owing to their higher surface area, and easy recovery from the products and reuse for several cycles.

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Section: Catalysis In Transesterificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiesel Production Using Homogeneous, Heterogeneous, and Enzyme Catalysts via Transesterification and Esterification Reactions: a Critical Review

2021

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“…25 At 563 cm −1 , the peak shows the Ca−O stretching vibration. 26 It also further illustrates the formation of calcium iron oxides. After the catalytic ozonation process, a new band was observed at 1330 cm −1 , which is due to the surface oxide species generated from the interaction between ozone and the Lewis acid sites of Ca 2 Fe 2 O 5 .…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…The characteristic peaks at 435 cm –1 attributed to Fe–O bonds on the surface of the catalysts . At 563 cm –1 , the peak shows the Ca–O stretching vibration . It also further illustrates the formation of calcium iron oxides.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Catalytic Ozonation over Ca₂Fe₂O₅ for the Degradation of Quinoline in an Aqueous Solution

Wang

Zhou

Zheng

et al. 2022

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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The treatment of industrial wastewater with various organic compounds was essential for the source control of water pollution. Catalytic ozonation process was widely used in wastewater treatment due to its higher efficiency and easy operation. In this work, Ca 2 Fe 2 O 5 was prepared by the sol−gel method and used as a catalyst to remove quinoline effectively by the catalytic ozonation process. The physical and chemical properties of the catalyst have been well characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, N 2 physical adsorption−desorption profiles, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results have shown that calcium iron oxide has sheet micromorphology and good crystal structure. In addition, the Ca 2 Fe 2 O 5 catalyst has more oxygen vacancies than the Fe 2 O 3 catalyst, which can promote the decomposition of ozone molecules to produce active free radicals effectively. In this study, the Ca 2 Fe 2 O 5 catalyst has shown higher catalytic activity than the other reported catalysts, which can remove quinoline and other organics from an aqueous solution effectively. In the Ca 2 Fe 2 O 5 /O 3 system, more ozone molecules decomposed to generate • OH radicals, which inhibited the direct reaction of ozone and quinoline to produce NH 4 + -N. Meanwhile, • OH radicals generated in the catalytic ozonation process has increased the chemical oxygen demand removal rate efficiently. In addition, the intermediate products in the catalytic ozonation process were studied by electrospray ionization−mass spectrometry analysis. This research shows a promising way to prepare efficient catalysts for the treatment of quinoline by the catalytic ozonation process.

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“…The results showed that 99% of biodiesel was achieved and the catalyst can be reused up to five times [111]. Das et al [112] utilised cobalt-doped waste eggshell derived CaO catalyst, in the conversion of lipid extracted from Scenedesmus quadricauda species algae to biodiesel. In this work, about 98% of algae oil was successfully converted into biodiesel over Co/CaO catalyst.…”

Section: Modified Waste Shells-derived Catalyst For Biodiesel Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress on Modified Calcium Oxide Derived Waste-Shell Catalysts for Biodiesel Production

et al. 2021

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The dwindling of global petroleum deposits and worsening environmental issues have triggered researchers to find an alternative energy such as biodiesel. Biodiesel can be produced via transesterification of vegetable oil or animal fat with alcohol in the presence of a catalyst. A heterogeneous catalyst at an economical price has been studied widely for biodiesel production. It was noted that various types of natural waste shell are a potential calcium resource for generation of bio-based CaO, with comparable chemical characteristics, that greatly enhance the transesterification activity. However, CaO catalyzed transesterification is limited in its stability and studies have shown deterioration of catalytic reactivity when the catalyst is reused for several cycles. For this reason, different approaches are reviewed in the present study, which focuses on modification of waste-shell derived CaO based catalyst with the aim of better transesterification reactivity and high reusability of the catalyst for biodiesel production. The catalyst stability and leaching profile of the modified waste shell derived CaO is discussed. In addition, a critical discussion of the structure, composition of the waste shell, mechanism of CaO catalyzed reaction, recent progress in biodiesel reactor systems and challenges in the industrial sector are also included in this review.

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Cobalt-doped CaO catalyst synthesized and applied for algal biodiesel production

Cited by 69 publications

References 47 publications

Biodiesel Production Using Homogeneous, Heterogeneous, and Enzyme Catalysts via Transesterification and Esterification Reactions: a Critical Review

Biodiesel Production Using Homogeneous, Heterogeneous, and Enzyme Catalysts via Transesterification and Esterification Reactions: a Critical Review

Catalytic Ozonation over Ca₂Fe₂O₅ for the Degradation of Quinoline in an Aqueous Solution

Progress on Modified Calcium Oxide Derived Waste-Shell Catalysts for Biodiesel Production

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Cobalt-doped CaO catalyst synthesized and applied for algal biodiesel production

Cited by 69 publications

References 47 publications

Biodiesel Production Using Homogeneous, Heterogeneous, and Enzyme Catalysts via Transesterification and Esterification Reactions: a Critical Review

Biodiesel Production Using Homogeneous, Heterogeneous, and Enzyme Catalysts via Transesterification and Esterification Reactions: a Critical Review

Catalytic Ozonation over Ca2Fe2O5 for the Degradation of Quinoline in an Aqueous Solution

Progress on Modified Calcium Oxide Derived Waste-Shell Catalysts for Biodiesel Production

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Catalytic Ozonation over Ca₂Fe₂O₅ for the Degradation of Quinoline in an Aqueous Solution